Amaranth planting time and precautions Common diseases of amaranth and fertilization strategies

The leaves, flower buds and flowers of amaranth are used for vegetable consumption, seeds and other medicines can be used as medicine. It has the functions of tonifying the kidney, strengthening the stomach, refreshing, antiperspirant and solidifying. The amaranth is adaptable, resistant to cold and heat, and cultivated everywhere in the country. Let's take a look at the cultivation time and planting conditions of amaranth!

The timing of amaran cultivation time can be divided into three types: spring sowing, summer sowing, and autumn sowing:

1. Spring sowing: It is not too late to be late, the local temperature stability in spring can be sown at 5-10 °C. At this time, the ground has not been completely clarified. The surface is not wet when it is returned to the surface, and it is easy to emerge. This kind of sowing method also avoids grass. Harm, because the amaranth seedlings appeared faster after sowing, and the temperature at that time was not suitable for weed germination, forming a jet lag. Therefore, we recommend that you use this method of seeding as much as possible.
2. Summer sowing: Generally, after cucumber and tomato are planted in the park, the temperature is high and the drought and waterlogging are easy to occur. The seeding amount is about one-third larger than that in spring. The soil is not too thick, and the soil is kept moist, which is good for the whole seedling.
3. Autumn sowing: Generally planted before and after the beginning of autumn, the amount of seeding is twice as large as that of spring, and the management is mainly to see dry and wet. In the later stage, attention should be paid to grass damage. Autumn broadcast is generally not recommended.

Amaranth planting conditions Amaranth belongs to the perennial perennial vegetable of Liliaceae. It has strong adaptability, resistance to cold and heat, and is cultivated everywhere in China. Many areas in the south can be produced all the year round. Although the upper part of the northern winter is dead, the underground part is dormant, and the spring topsoil is germinated and grows long.

1. Temperature: Amaranth is cold, cold and heat resistant. The seed germination temperature is above 12 °C, the growth temperature is 15 °C to 25 °C, and the lower part can withstand lower temperature.
2. Light: Medium light intensity, strong negative. However, the light is too weak, the accumulation of photosynthetic products is less, the tiller is less and weaker, the yield is low, and it is easy to prematurely decay; the light is too strong, the temperature is too high, the fiber is more, and the quality is poor.
3. Moisture: The appropriate relative humidity of the air is 60-70%, and the soil moisture is 80-90% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.
4. Soil: Amaranth is highly adaptable to soil texture, with a suitable pH of 5.5-6.5. It requires a large amount of fertilizer and is highly resistant to fertilizer.

Amaranth variety classification Chinese amaranth variety resources are very rich, according to the edible part can be divided into four types: root mites, leaf mites, flower buds, and leaves and flowers.

1. Roots: Roots are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet and other places in China, also known as 苤韭, broadleaf, big leaf 韭, hawthorn, chicken feet and leek. Mainly edible roots and flower buds. The roots are thick, succulent, and have a spicy aroma that can be processed for pickling or cooking. The flower buds are tender and can be fried, and the young leaves are also edible. Roots are mainly vegetatively propagated, with strong tillering power, strong growth potential and easy cultivation. Mainly harvested in the autumn.
2. Leafhopper: The leaf of the leafhopper is broad and soft, and the rate of convulsion is low. Although it can be twitched and fed during the reproductive growth stage, it is mainly served by leaves and leaf sheaths. It is widely cultivated throughout China. This type is mainly used in softening cultivation.
3. Flower bud: The flower bud is specially used to harvest some of the leeks. Its leaves are short, the texture is rough, the tillering force is strong, and the pumping rate is high. The flower is high and thick, the quality is crisp and tender, and it looks like garlic and has a beautiful flavor. China's Gansu Province, Lanzhou City, Taiwan Province, more cultivation. There are also sporadic introductions and cultivation in Shandong and other places. There are many varieties of flower buds, such as small leaf species: strong convulsions and tillers, short leaves, thick color, fine and green leaves, thin leaves and sheaths are hard, early maturity, both leaves and flowers, medium quality; : The convulsion is extremely strong, the flower stem grows, the leaf width is wide and long, the green color is thick, the leaf sheath is large, and it is yellowish red. The leaves and sheaths are hard, the twitching period is long, the anniversary can be convulsions, the leaves are not suitable for eating, mainly for picking; the annual flower No. 2: large stems, high quality, low temperature tolerance.
4. Both leaves and flowers are used: the leaves and flower buds of the leaves and flowers are well developed and can be eaten. At present, most of the amaranth varieties cultivated in China are of this type. This type can also be used for softening cultivation.

Amaranth planting technology

1. 1. Rooting: The harvest of leeks should be suitable. Generally, the harvest is 4~5 每年 per year. In the summer, it is harvested 2~3 6 in June and July. The rest of the time is mainly to raise the roots, so that the plants produce more tillers and lay the foundation for autumn high yield. . The basic requirement for rooting is to increase the height of the leeks when harvesting leeks. Generally, the roots are harvested about 4 cm from the ground. After each harvest, the knife edge slightly increased. It is not advisable to fertilize watering within 2 days after cutting, so as to avoid pests and diseases caused by infection of the knife-edge, resulting in rotten roots.
2. 2. Root removal: Before the germination of the amaranth in the early spring, the soil was excavated in the rhizosphere soil of the leek and the soil was about 6 cm wide, and the soil between the plants in each cluster was removed and the depth reached the root. To expose the roots, remove the dead roots and small tillers, spread the excavated soil between the rows, then pinch the roots and fill them in the fine soil. When filling the soil, it is best to add the right amount of grass ash to prevent root lice.
3. 3, the root: the old leeks root replanting, can re-grow the production potential, but also the use of waste roots, reduce costs, faster than re-seeding, but also to maintain the purity of the variety. First use the four-toothed hoe or taro to turn the amaranth roots up, select the roots without the pests and the production capacity, cut off the long roots, remove the roots without the ability to divide and rot and replant. It can be cultivated in a flat bed or a ditch. The hole spacing in the bed is 8~10 cm, about 10 per hole, and the yield will decrease. The distance between the furrows is 60 cm, the width of the seedlings is 30 cm, and 4 rows are planted.
4. 4, the soil: the roots of the leek are "jumping roots" every year to form a hypertrophic root section one by one gourd head. The more roots are thicker, the more nutrients are stored, so the second year of leeks is rooted early and the yield is high. Therefore, the cultivation of amaranth can promote the growth and development of new roots of amaranth, prolong the life of amaranth plants and prevent lodging. The time of soil cultivation should be carried out before the germination of the roots of the leek after the soil is thawed. The thickness of the soil should be determined according to the height of the “jumping root”, generally 3 to 4 cm.
5. 5. Covering ash: When planting leeks in autumn and winter, after applying the base fertilizer, the slag is coated with 2~3 cm thick fine coal slag, and the water-soluble fertilizer is applied during the growth period. This can make the leek soil loose and transparent, the weeds are not easy to grow, the pathogens are few, and the heat preservation, moisturizing, fertilizer and drought resistance effects are good. The amaranth leaves grow green, grow fast, and have strong tillering power. Not only the yield is high, the texture is crisp and tender, and the meristem and axillary buds in the sheath are not damaged during harvesting, which is more conducive to the growth and harvest of the amaranth.
6. 6, Sha Pei: Amaranth planting in a row is easy to cause sputum to occur, the adoption of sand culture can solve this problem. The use of sand or other substrate as a cultivation substrate and the application of nutrient solution has the characteristics of simple management, low investment, quick effect and high profit, and is particularly suitable for cultivation in a courtyard or idle place. The sand-bed bed can be made into a square pool, a diamond-shaped pool or a polygonal pool with equal width and width. The length and width are determined by the ground, and the bed height is 18-20 cm; the river sand with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm is preferred.

The main pest of leek pest control for leek is alfalfa.韭蛆 seriously endangers the growth of leeks, according to the actual situation, take measures to prevent and control at the right time, the main method of prevention and control of cockroaches:

1. Adults: Non-sputum occurs 5-6 generations per year, the most serious in spring and autumn. The adult emergence period is generally in April and September. You should choose a sunny day at 9-10 am, spraying 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000 times per acre.
2. Larva: The root of the drug is poured into the roots and diluted with 1000 ml of 2% methyl avermectin EC into 1000 times per acre for watering.

Leek disease prevention

In summer, there is a lot of rain, and it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of the harm of amaranth. The main diseases of leek are gray mold, blight, purple spot and so on.

1, gray mold

[Pathogenesis] White or taupe spots on the leaves in the early stage of gray mold, and then expanded into prismatic or elliptical lesions, which healed and became large dead spots to make the leaves die. The surface of the dead leaves is densely gray to grayish brown when wet. The pathogen mainly nucleuses overwinter on the diseased bodies in the soil and spread by airflow. Amaranth gray mold all year round.

[Control method] 1 with 78% Cobo 600 times liquid effect is good. 2 Add organic fertilizer, harvest properly, drain in time after rain, reduce the humidity in the field. 3 timely removal of old leaves, diseased seedlings.

2, the disease

[Pathological characteristics] Amaranth plague harms roots and leaves, especially the pseudo-stem bulbs are the most seriously damaged. The affected words at the leaves were dark-colored water-stained lesions, the leaves turned yellow and soft, and the stems and roots were brown and soft. When wet, the diseased parts produced sparse white mold. The bacteria overwinter on the soil disease (greenhouse leeks can occur all year round), which is a high temperature and high humidity hazard. The temperature is 25-32 °C, and the peak period is about August.

[Prevention and treatment method] In the early stage of disease onset, the time of cloudy day can be sprayed with 50% gray nuclear power 1000 times liquid or 40% sclerotium net 2000 times liquid, and the drug should be sprayed evenly after harvesting each amaranth. When selecting a drug, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of a new type of fungicide with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and alternate application.

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Antifungal Drugs

Antifungal drug: A drug used to treat fungal infections(antimicrobial drugs).