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The overwintering of swarms is a major challenge. Even if the successful swarms are overwhelming, they will lose 20% to 40%. One of the main reasons is the death from flying. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, from the end of autumn to the beginning of spring propagation, about 150 days, more warm winters in recent years, the temperature below 5 °C in high temperature is only about 30 days, only in the low temperature of 30 days do not see the winter bee fly In general, when the weather is warm from 10 to 14 o'clock, almost all the bees fly. Every day, with the Nest Gate as the center, within a radius of 15 to 20 meters, there are many and many bees that cannot take off. Therefore, it is often the pre-winter strong group that becomes weak after the winter, and the weak group becomes empty. The air-damaging bee is the main cause. In order to reduce the overwintering damage rate and ensure the safe wintering of bee colonies, countermeasures must be taken in light of the reasons for the flight. 1. Effects of temperature and countermeasures During the overwintering period of bee colonies, the center temperature of the colony is 24°C to 29°C, and the outward temperature is gradually lowered. The surface layer is only maintained at about 10°C. The temperature between the outside of the cluster and the wall is affected by the outside world. The temperature has a greater influence, the night temperature decreases, the space in the box cools down, the bee corps shrinks to keep the temperature constant within the group, and at noon on warm and sunny days, the space inside the box heats up, and the bee swarms loose and loose. The space in the box is large, the bees have space for expansion, the temperature in the group is adjustable, the bees are stable, and there is no box or less space to fly out of the box. If the space in the box is small or there is no space, there is no choice but to leave the box. . The number of worker bees entering the airspace is constrained by two factors: one is the size of the space inside the tank; the other is the extent to which the microclimate temperature in the tank is affected by the external climate. Direct sun box, the box heating rate, the temperature difference between day and night is large, if not directly into the box, the temperature difference between day and night can be reduced, the size of the temperature difference affects the size of the swarm expansion, thereby affecting the number of boxes out of flying bees. According to this, the countermeasures are: 1 without internal and external packaging, leaving a larger space in the box, 6 to 7 spleen bee colony, can only use a single box, if more than 8 spleen bee colony, should add empty box expansion box Space, low temperature above 5 °C, the bees on the exposed, 2 °C ~ 5 °C when adding a layer of cloth, add 0 padded below the layer of cotton pad, but in any case, the complex fabric should be folded back, leaving the bees The group expanded upwards. 2 The beehive shall be placed in a cool place or covered with grasshoppers to avoid the sun's irradiation. In the sunny day, the box will not heat up, reducing the temperature difference between day and night in the box, so that the size of the bees can be in a stable state. 3 If the bee colony is weak, it should be two-in-one or three-in-one. 2. Effects of feed and countermeasures: Insufficient or immature feed can induce overwintering bees to fly. When the bee colony and feed can be eaten, but obviously not enough for the bees to use for winter, even at noon below 5°C, there are bees The nest seeks to feed, especially in sunny days (comparatively speaking), and it is also a precursor to hungry swarms. The feed is immature, and the bees in the intestine of the bees produce too much feces, and when they cannot bear it, they fly out of the air in the cold to defecate, or suffer from indigestion and diarrhea, causing morbidity and crawling bees. According to this, there are three countermeasures: 1 When a feed is found to be insufficient, insert a large honey spleen, if not disturbing the peace of the wintering bee, can cut off the honey part of the old spleen, or into mature honey, put the spleen block flat on the bee Above the group, must not feed the sucrose feed, in order to avoid excessive colonization of the bees or the formation of indigestion. 2 For the problem of immaturity, feed the overwintering feed early, so that the bees can be brewed ripe honey when the temperature is appropriate, or when the last big honey source in late autumn, leave the winter to cover the spleen with a large cover. 3If diarrheal disease group is found (dung is thin and the dots are on the ground), mature honey should be used. Two calories per mother and two PPAs should be used to fill the spleen. The immature feed spleen should be replaced. The operation should be performed at a high temperature above 8°C. The sunny day at noon, and less disturbed flying bees, and picked up the landing bees returned to the beehive. 3. Impact of water shortages and countermeasures Water is still needed during the wintering season, especially during the arid winter season. When the bee colony is thirsty, a large number of water-collecting bees will be deployed to go out and cold water may not be taken off and frozen to death. The countermeasures are as follows: 1 At 10:00 a.m. on a sunny day, before the bees go out, the nest gate water feeder with warm water (about 30°C) will be inserted. The nesting bees will encounter warm water and drink enough to return. Every 10 to 15 days. 2 If the strong group (occupies 3 to 4 spleen bees), use a sponge to suck enough water, cover the plastic film under the cover, put on the bee group (insulation, low temperature drink does not enter), fill water every 10 days or so . 4. Effects of light irradiation and countermeasures Honeybees are insects with strong phototaxis, and are more pronounced in winter and warm weather. The light promotes the flying of the bees. The direct sunlight is greater than the strong scattered light, the strong scattered light is greater than the weak scattered light, and the weak astigmatism is greater than No light. Response measures: 1 The overwintering beehive should be placed in the shade, and the whole beehive should not be exposed to light, or the enclosure door should be shaded (but not nested). 2 nest door back Yang placed. 3 Avoid strong light. 5. Effect of early maternal child-raising and response measures Spring is coming, bees are known for a long time, do not invade Wangyue winter colony, generally before and after the “big coldâ€, they spawn and raise children, and the group changes from a state of overwintering to a state of child-raising of life. The temperature rose to 33°C to 35°C, and the relative humidity rose to 60% to 80%. It was kept constant, and the feed and water requirements were greatly increased. The bees, eggs, and larvae all exerted hormones to stimulate the worker bees to actively go out and find food. . At this time, the weather is extremely unstable, cold and cold, the bees often go out without going back, the bee population feeds are quickly depleted, the number of worker bees decreases sharply, the life span of worker bees is shortened, and spring declines occur. Response measures: 1 The king’s winter bee colony put Wang Chunfan three days before the local powder source plants spit powder. 2 If you don’t be a prisoner, you will be begging for bees. Before the queen of bees spawns, you will be able to freeze eggs and spleen. 3 If you don't be a king of winter, you can also freeze the bees when you are about to lay eggs, that is, remove the overwintering outer packing and the box insulation, widen the spleen spacing, delay the natural spawning period or suppress the expansion of the parenting area.