Breed name: Chlamys farreri Biological characteristics Economic traits Scallops are one of the rare species of marine shellfish. Their closed shell muscles are hypertrophic and fresh. Their dried products are delicious, with an average of 5.43% glycogen, and others contain citrate and succinic acid as "the best in the world"; According to medical research, it is proven that scallops have the effect of preventing cancer; in addition, the scallop shellfish is a good raw material. Current status of aquaculture Chlamys farreri has become one of the major species of marine aquaculture in China. The population of Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong is very high. In particular, the Shandong coast has formed a large scale of farming and become the dominant species, which also brings about breeding area. Insufficient shortage, breeding density, only the outbreak of scallops in the year of 1996 has caused a large area of ​​disease in one province in Shandong Province. The 33 mu of scallops will never produce 60%, as high as 90%, and the direct economic loss will be 1.5 billion yuan. Economic Analysis Scallop farming is a relatively large one-time investment in breeding projects. The input of mu is about 1,200 yuan. It is mainly used for investment in fixed assets (flood cables, float balls, scallop cages, shellfish, etc.), and we have conducted financial analysis of the cultivation. Take 1.5 million yuan as an example to invest 1.15 million yuan, the annual output value will be 800,000 yuan, the profit will be more than 300,000 yuan, the investment benefit rate will be 26%, and the investment recovery period will be about 2 years. This shows that the economic benefits are considerable. Moreover, scallops have always been very good sales in the market. The development of this farming species will not only bring about prosperity for one party, but also solve a considerable part of the labor force. Therefore, its social benefits are also great. Semi-seedling Seedlings for artificial seedling scallop use conventional methods for attaching shellfish. The key is the selection and breeding of pro-shellfish and the use of certain methods to stimulate their ovulation, and choose the appropriate attachment base. The process notes are as follows: Urine Dipstick Test,Urine Dipstick,10 Parameters Urine Strips,Test Urine 10 Parameters Changchun Medicon Technology Development Co., Ltd , https://www.teststrip.pl
Species: molluscs, gills, iso-columns, scallops, scallops, scallops
1) Morphological structure The scallop shells are usually purple-brown palladium or light brown, with yellow-brown, apricot-red or gray-white. The shell height is slightly larger than the shell length. The front ear is large and its length is approximately twice that of the rear ear. There is a depression in the ventral surface of the anterior ear, forming a hole that is a fistula hole. There are 6-10 small-shaped raspy teeth at the upper edge of the ventral right shell. With full wire. There are ribs on the surface of the shells, of which the left shell surface mainly radiates about 10 ribs, with thorns. The right shell has more major radiation ribs.
There is no healing point on the edge of the mantle. There are tentacles with different lengths on the edges, and there are well-developed coat eyes. The feet are short and small, showing a stick-like shape. There is a foot silk groove on the ventral surface of the foot. The rectum passes through the ventricle, and the epiphyseal and connective tissues are interconnected by each other, showing a petaloid sepal.
2) Ecological habits Natural scallop scallops are distributed in China only in the coastal regions of Liaoning Province and Shandong Peninsula. They live below the low tide line, where the water flow is acute, the salinity is high, and the transparency is larger. The inhabited water depth is 10-30 meters. The bottom is a hard seabed with reefs or seashells and grit. Use the force of the closed drainage of the shells and the strength of the currents to make a short-distance movement.
Scallop scallops have a wide adaptability, a suitable temperature range of -2 to 35°C, and an optimal temperature of 15 to 25°C; a suitable salt range of 1.0147 to 1.0291, and an optimal range of 1.0174 to 1.0261. The humidity can be safely transported for 8 to 9 hours at an air temperature of 20-22°C.
The scallop culture in our city was back in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the trials of seedlings of scallops from Shandong Changdao and Weihai were successfully conducted. Subsequently, it was promoted in Lianyungang. At present, Gansu and Lianyungang are both engaged in scallop breeding, and their breeding methods include shallow sea culling and shrimp pond polyculture. The larger culturing scale is the Lianyungang Yuanda Ocean Group in 1997, investing more than 10 million in the offshore area of ​​the island. Yuan, stocking 400 mu.
Seedling scallop seedling technology Clam scallop seedlings are usually produced in two ways, that is, semi-seedlings and artificial seedlings.
1) Picking site: Scallops should be selected as the area where there are abundant natural resources, smooth flow, no floating mud, calm seas and high salinity.
2) Seedling harvester: red-brown ropes, palm ropes, polyethylene tablets, seashells, and seedling bags can be used as seedling harvesters, in which seedlings and seashells are better.
3) Picking time: The time for the North Sea area to adapt to investment and hanging seedlings is from late March to mid-June.
4) Time of seedling detection: The seedlings are generally detected in the middle and late September. The height of the young shells is 1-2 cm.
Pro-shellfish (stimulation) → egg (fertilization, hatching) → larvae (adhesion) → juvenile shellfish
Choose, hold, promote
1) Pro-shellworm selection, transportation, and handling of pro-shellfish selection Individuals, individuals with fatness, complete appearance, no parasites and diseases, and sufficiently mature gonads are appropriate. The transport method is generally based on dry transport, with kelp seedlings on top, and timing. Drenched water; the pro-shelled shrimps should be washed immediately, with a 20-ppm penicillin solution for 30 minutes, then pooled.
2) Pro-bachelor stocking and maturation should be performed on the selected pro-beets, and the males and females should be kept in the cages respectively, and the density should be 20-40/m3. Gradient warming (1°C) is used to promote ripening.
3) Method of egg retrieval:
Physical methods: warming stimulation method, variable temperature stimulation method, shade dry water stimulation method, light stimulation chemical method: ammonia seawater immersion method, ammonia seawater injection method, natural drainage method
4) Attachment base: The use of brown shade, mesh, etc. as the attachment base is generally used.
5) Bait (1) Bacillus proliferating baits: Nitzschia closteria or Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the daily feeding density is 200,000 - 300,000 cells/liter, divided into 6-12 feedings. If the number of monocytic algae is insufficient, substitute bait, such as yeast powder, soluble starch, egg yolk, fresh mother corn, etc., can be used, and the daily feeding amount is 10-20 ppm.
(2) Baits for larval culture: Isochrysis galbana, Forkweed Algae, Nitzschia closterium, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Platymonas, Chlorella, etc., as well as dietary yeast, yeast powder, and unicellular algae powder And so on instead. The amount of feeding and the number of feedings depend on the size of the larvae.
(3) For juvenile bait, juveniles do not strictly choose the type of bait, but the daily feeding amount increases, and the daily feeding density gradually increases to 6-12 million cells/ml.
6) In the case of artificial seedlings for disease prevention methods, environmental conditions such as high levels of heavy metals, ammonia nitrogen, and organic matter in seawater, or excessive changes in water temperature, salinity, and pH, causing larval settlement, or gradual death of cilia from surfaces, should be improved from water quality. Strengthen seawater purification for prevention and treatment. For protozoa, bacteria, and viruses caused by seawater, they either directly invade the larvae or secrete toxins, causing the larvae to sink and die. Usually used to prevent mainly, such as timely cleaning sedimentation tank, regular sand filter tank or replace the upper fine sand, often down the pool, but also the application of antibiotics, inhibit the proliferation of bacteria.
Before nursery, apply sodium hypochlorite or bleaching powder disinfection tanks and utensils. During larval rearing, pay attention to regular use of 1-2 ppm of penicillin or 0.5-1 ppm of soil to increase the survival rate of larvae.
Scallop scallop cultivation techniques The scallop culture zone of the culture zone should select the sea area where the water quality is higher than that of the fertilizer, the end is polluted, the salinity is high, the summer water temperature does not exceed 30°C, the winter is not frozen, the floating mud is small, the water is smooth, and the feed is rich. Farming should pay attention to the sea area that can fight.
Cultivating methods Cultivating methods are as follows: cage raising, string raising, tube raising, sticking culture, sowing breeding, and pond breeding. At present, we mainly adopt two methods of cage and pond polyculture.
Cultivating and managing aquaculture management is mainly based on adjusting the water layer in different seasons and sea areas, dividing cages and changing net clothes according to the growth conditions of the above categories, and paying attention to attachment cleaning and ensuring safety.
Prevention and control of predators The removal and prevention of predators, perforated animals, parasitic animals, and attachments that harm scallops.
Harvesting and processing of scallops for scallops Harvesting methods for scallops harvesting are harvested after the main breeding period, and the harvest size is more than 7 cm, and it is usually marketed using ordinary clearances.
Processing methods Harvested scallops can be washed and directly marketed. If made into scallops, remove the adductor muscles during processing, wash them with seawater, boil them in boiling seawater, and take them out after drying.