High-yield cultivation technique of drip irrigation under the film

The high-yield cultivation technology of drip irrigation under the film is the mechanized live and sub-drip drip cultivation in the production mode of pepper. It is to be planted, laid drip irrigation belt and covered with plastic film once in mechanized live broadcast. Cultivation techniques, all of the fertilizers are applied with water droplets, and the prevention and control of pests and diseases are mechanized.

After many years of cultivation practice, the author of this paper has effectively reduced the transplanting of seedlings, shortened the plant growth cycle, reduced the labor intensity and cost investment, improved the utilization rate of fertilizer, effectively prevented the occurrence of weeds, and was simple and easy. OK, simple management, is conducive to large-scale production of Chaotian pepper, higher yield per unit area and higher economic benefits. Luancheng County is the hometown of Chinese small peppers. The annual planting area is 26,600 hm2. In recent years, the area of ​​large-scale live cultivation has been expanding.

1 Preparation before broadcasting

1.1 Variety selection

According to the production needs, the varieties of early-maturing, disease-resistant, high-quality and high-yield small peppers produced by research institutes or large-scale seed enterprises, such as Sanying No.8, Gaoshao No.8 and August Red, are selected.

1.2 Before sowing

Spread the seeds for 1 to 2 days before sowing to improve the uniformity of emergence.

1.3 Fine land preparation

Fine land preparation is the basis of high yield of Chaotian pepper. The quality of land preparation directly affects the emergence and seedling growth of Chaotian pepper. Generally, it is 20 cm deep and should be flattened. Fertilization is based on the base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and formula fertilization. At the end of 667 m2, the high-quality farmyard manure is about 3,000 kg, and the three-element compound fertilizer (15% for each of N, P and K) is 50-60 kg. The soil is treated with soil preparation, and 1% phoxim particles are used per 667 m2. 4 kg, effective to control underground pests such as cockroaches and golden worms.

2 high quality sowing

2.1 Sowing time

Direct seeding cultivation is only suitable for spring pepper, which can be used as the best sowing date after the final frost. It takes 10 to 15 days from sowing to emergence, and the sowing date can be calculated forward according to the local perennial frost period. In the eastern Henan area, there is a farmer's stagnation of “Guyu Breaking Night Cream”. The annual frost period can be calculated according to the Guyu Festival (April 20), pushing forward for 10 to 15 days, and around 10 April is a suitable sowing period.

2.2 Weed control

Before sowing, use 150% of cobalachlor WP 150 g per 667 m2, spray evenly with water 30-40 kg to seal the soil and inhibit the weeds in the seedling stage.

2.3 Mechanical live broadcast

Chaotian pepper coated direct seeding machine is a double-working machine. It adopts the first film-coating and seeding process, eliminating the need to manually break the membrane, avoiding the heavy physical labor caused by the filming after the first seeding. The machine is equipped with a small four-wheel tractor with 20 horsepower (1 horsepower = 735 W). The seeding, laying drip irrigation belt and film are completed once, one film and two lines, and the drip irrigation belt is laid flat in the middle of the two rows of pepper under the mulch. The sowing depth is about 1.2 cm, the small row spacing is 40 cm, the large row spacing is 60 cm, the hole spacing is 20 cm, and 3 to 4 seeds are planted per hole, with an average of 200 g per 667 m2.

Before the operation, carefully check and debug the operation of the planter. First, inject lubricant into each bearing part to ensure smooth operation, then clean the seeding funnel to avoid the next kind of blockage. Pour the seeds into the seeding funnel, and traverse the small throttle moving machinery on the ground to observe whether the seeds are uniform. After the inspection and commissioning are met, the field is planted.

Because the seeds of Chaotian pepper are small and light, the mechanical walking of the field is too fast to cause the next kind of unevenness or cavitation. Therefore, the mechanical walking must be slow when planting, and the speed control is better at 2.5~4.0 km/h. It achieves the fineness of seeding, good cavitation and accurate granules. During the sowing process, a special person should be responsible for checking the next situation. Not only should we pay attention to whether there are enough seeds in the hole-seeding device, but also check whether the seeds under the seeding hole are even, and if there is any problem, it should be eliminated in time. If the seeding machine is not equipped with a soil-scraping device on the membrane, the soil should be manually sprinkled on the seeding membrane after sowing, and the seeding soil thickness of the seeding point should be about 1 cm to ensure normal emergence.

3 Field management

3.1 Miao Ding Miao

The main job before emergence is to prevent membrane breakage and maintain temperature and humidity. Seedlings can be emerged about 15 days after sowing. When the plants grow to a height of 8 to 10 cm, the seedlings and seedlings are planted. Generally, the seedlings are kept in double plants, and about 10,000 plants per 667 m2 are fixed. After the rain or after watering, the soil will be cultivated when it is dry and wet, which can promote the growth and development of roots and plants.

3.2 timely picking

For clustered finite growth varieties, it is necessary to pick the heart at the right time. Generally, when the flower bud appears at the top, the top branch and the flower bud should be removed in time. When removing, try to keep the stem leaves to increase the number of effective side branches and gain high yield.

3.3 Under-film drip irrigation

Under-film drip irrigation through the controllable pipeline, the water and fertilizer mixture is evenly, regularly and quantitatively dropped into the root development area of ​​the crop, and the evaporation of the crops is reduced by the mulching film to achieve the harmonious unity of water saving and yield increase, and overcome the traditional big water. Problems such as water and fertilizer loss caused by flood irrigation, soil compaction, declining ground power, and waste of water resources. The dripping water during the growing period begins in late May and ends in early September. According to soil moisture and weather changes, water is usually dripped every 15 days, 20 to 25 m3 per 667 m2, and 3 to 5 times in total.

3.4 Topdressing with water

After fruit setting, combined with drip irrigation 667 m2, apply three-element compound fertilizer (15% for each of N, P, and K) 5 kg; after entering mid-August, avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent late maturity. The external top dressing can spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 1% urea solution, and add a certain amount of boron, zinc and calcium.

4 Pest control

After the emergence of Chaotian pepper, it is vulnerable to tigers, snails, mites and thrips. When using the chopped leaves or fresh grass, spray the trichlorfon liquid, and put it in the pepper field as the poison bait in the evening to trap the tiger; use 4% tetraacetaldehyde granules to trap the snail; control the locusts and thrips, It can be sprayed with 20% imidacloprid soluble powder 3000 times solution.

Chaotian pepper disease is divided into fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, viral diseases and physiological diseases. For the prevention and control of fungal diseases such as anthracnose and epidemic diseases, it can be sprayed with 58% of nail cream, manganese-zinc wettable powder, 500-600 times liquid, etc.; to prevent bacterial scab and soft rot, and to use water-dispersible granules to be washed 1,000 times. Liquid spray; prevention and treatment of viral diseases, uniform spray with 20% virus A wettable powder 600 times before the onset and early onset; prevention and treatment of sunburn and other physiological diseases, can spray calcium, boron, zinc fertilizer leaf surface in young fruit stage Fertilizer, in order to improve disease resistance, reduce the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruit.

From late June to early August, pay attention to the control of cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, beet armyworm and other drillworm pests. When using the control, you can use 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 3,000 times liquid spray.

5 harvesting and drying

In North China, Chaotian pepper is generally harvested during the cold dew (from around October 8) to the frost drop (around October 23). When more than 90% of the peppercorns in the field are red, 40% ethephon 600~1 000 times is sprayed. Reddish, one week later, according to the weather forecast, 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁 趁After the pile grows, put the wooden frame underneath, and the roots face the inner tip; when it is raining, cover the grass with a grasshopper, then cover with a plastic film to prevent rain, and leave a proper space for ventilation to prevent mildew; farming or price When appropriate, pick and sell according to the specifications and quality of the product.

The above is the full content of the high-yield cultivation technology of the drip irrigation under the drip irrigation of Huitian.com, and the farmers who are interested in this cultivation technology can learn more.

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