1 Site selection and construction of the park

Choose convenient transportation, no pollution source, flat terrain, can irrigate and drain, shelter from wind and sunny, deep and fertile soil, PH value of 4.5~7.5 (***5.5~6.5) loam or sandy loam plot to build the garden . There are generally two ways to build a garden. One is to plant peach seedlings in spring according to the requirements of building a shed, leave a place for building sheds, and build a shed for production in autumn; the other is to build a shed first and cultivate peach seedlings in the shed for production.

2 Variety selection

When selecting varieties, attention should be paid to meet the following requirements: select short-sized trees, compact crowns, large fruit, durable storage and transportation, adapt to environmental conditions such as low light, high humidity, and high-yield, high-quality varieties with high self-flowering rate. Generally, you can choose Chunxue, Chunyan, etc. for hairy peach; for nectarine, choose Zhongyou No. 4, Jinhui, Zhongyou No. 16, etc.; for flat peach, choose Zaolupan peach, Zaoyoupan, etc.

3 colonization

Choose different planting densities according to the tree shape to be adopted, usually 1m×1m, 1m×1.5m, 1m×2m. Greenhouses are mostly built from north to south, and peach trees are planted from east to west. Later, thinning is carried out according to the growth of peach trees. . Choose first-grade strong seedlings with a height of 80cm and a thickness of 0.6cm or more. The planting hole has a diameter of more than 35cm and a depth of more than 35cm. After planting the seedlings, water immediately, and cover with a film after the water seeps down.

4 Soil, Fertilizer and Water Management

The soil is covered with plastic film, and the fertilizer and water management is carried out in accordance with the principle of “promote before and control afterwards”, that is, before July 20, Dalian area will fertilize and irrigate in small quantities to promote vegetative growth of peach trees. From July 20th to the end of August, water and fertilizer control promoted the transformation of vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

After setting dry, when the newly grown branches reach 20-35cm, topdressing is applied, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and 25g urea is applied to the plant. Until July 5 or so, apply once every 15 days, and irrigate after application. Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in early August. From the end of August to the beginning of September, apply 10-15 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer according to the plant, plus 0.5-1 kg of trace elements for autumn fertilization. About 10 days after the temperature rise, apply fertilizer before flowering, apply 150g of compound fertilizer per plant, and apply 150-200g of special fertilizer or compound fertilizer for fruit trees during hard-core period and fruit expansion period.

Watering mainly depends on the moisture content. In addition to watering once after fertilization, watering once before the temperature rises, but also pay attention to watering in small amounts and multiple times in the late stage of fruit expansion, uniformly to prevent fruit cracking.

5 plastic trimming

Plastic pruning needs to achieve the purpose of ventilation and light transmission. According to the structure of the shed, the two sides of the shed are open-hearted, and the middle is a trunk or Y-shape. In principle, no side branches are left, and fruiting branches are directly attached to the trunk. In the year of planting, 40cm fixed stems on both sides, 50cm fixed stems in the middle, select the main branch after germination of new branches, and leave about 25cm pinch tips when the remaining branches grow to 30-40cm to promote new branches. When new branches grow to 25cm, leave about 20cm pinch. tip. Pruning before warming is mainly based on thinning branches, thinning out dense branches, weak branches and diseased branches. After the fruit is set, as the fruit grows, the branches need hanging branches to droop, and the branches should be thinned according to the situation to enhance photosynthesis and increase the taste of the fruit. After harvesting, timely pruning to promote new shoots should be made, and the amount of branches should be reasonably determined according to the tree structure and space.

6Temperature and humidity management

6.1 Dormancy period

Dalian area enters low-temperature dormancy in late October, and the dormant temperature is within 0~7.2℃ as effective dormancy. During dormancy, the dormancy mode needs to be determined according to the characteristics of the variety and the time to market. If the natural dormancy cannot meet the demand for cooling capacity, forced dormancy can be adopted. That is, the temperature during the day is higher than 7.2℃, put down the quilt to shade and cool down, and roll up the shed at night to ensure that the tree is dormant.

6.2 Production period

After the cooling capacity is satisfied, the temperature can be prepared. Using greenhouse cultivation takes quality and fruit size as key indicators. The maturity period is from April to May, and the heating time can be calculated according to the expected harvest period and the fruit development period of the variety. The temperature rise is in a gradual manner. For the first three days, the temperature is controlled at around 15℃ during the day, and then increased by 2℃ every day until it reaches 25℃. At night, the temperature is above 7℃ and the humidity is about 70% until flowering; the daytime temperature during the flowering period is 18-22℃, The minimum temperature at night is kept at 8~10℃, the average temperature is 12~14℃, and the humidity is about 50%; the fruit growth period temperature is 24~26℃, and the humidity is about 50%.

7Flower and Fruit Management

Generally, bees are used for pollination. One box of bees per mu is used. The best time for bees is when each tree has 1-2 flowers. Artificial auxiliary pollination can also be used, using a small fan to blow flowers to promote pollination 1-2 times a day. You can also gently kick the tree trunk with your foot to promote pollen movement. The amount of retained fruit is determined according to the growth and development of the tree. Generally, 2 to 3 fruit are retained on long fruit branches, 1 to 2 middle fruit branches, and 1 or no fruit on weak branches.

8 Pest control

Diseases and insect pests in the greenhouse are relatively rare, mainly caused by bacterial perforation disease, aphids and red spiders. Promote biological control based on biological control and physical control. In accordance with the law of occurrence of pests and diseases and economic thresholds, scientific use of chemical prevention and control technologies can effectively control pests and diseases. The incidence of perforation disease can be controlled with 800 times Zhongshengmycin, 5% imidacloprid EC 2000 times for aphids, and 2000 times 20% triazolyl suspension or 2500 times 73% mitote for red spiders.

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