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1 fast - ELlSA. The improvement feature is that a PVC film is used instead of the polystyrene micro-reaction plate as a carrier; the 1% soluble Schistosoma egg antigen is mixed with the urea-soluble Schistosoma egg antigen to pre-adsorb onto the film. The method mainly judges the results by visual inspection, and the whole operation process only takes about 20 minutes.
2 Spot-ELlSA (dot-ELISA) is a new ELISA technology developed in recent years. The nitrocellulose membrane with strong adsorption capacity for protein is used as a solid phase carrier. The substrate is enzymatically reacted to form a colored precipitate to make a film. Coloring, then visual inspection or quantification with an optical density scanner. dot-ELISA can be used to detect antibodies and can also be used to detect antigens. Because the method of detecting antigens is simpler than other immunological tests, it is currently used for antigen detection.
3 microwave radiation ELISA (MWL ELISA). The method only needs 5 minutes to detect the color of the substrate and judge the reaction result. The positive detection rates of acute phase and chronic infection reached 93% and 64% respectively (Gu Qizhang et al., 1999).
4 whole blood rapid ELISA. Without separating the serum, 30nfin can be detected.
5 magnetic beads - ELISA (MB-ELISA). The magnetic beads were used as a solid phase carrier to detect the antigen of Schistosoma japonicum.
6 Cystatin - ELISA. Cystatin was used to capture the cysteine ​​protease in schistosomiasis spores, and ELISA was used to detect the corresponding specific antibodies in the serum of Schistosoma japonicum patients (Huang Yuelong et al., 2002).
The method is an antigen-antibody agglutination reaction using red blood cells as a carrier. Using a microporous organic reaction plate, freeze-free blood coagulation antigen, serum to be tested for 1; 10, 1:20, 1:40 dilution, add 0.05 ml of serum to each well, and add sensitized red blood cells. The antigen solution was shaken for 1 hour, and the result was observed after standing for 40-60 minutes. For example, red blood cells are coagulated with particles, and all or part of them are judged to be positive. As red blood cells precipitate at the bottom of the hole, there are also new developments. This method is the main method for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. The positive rate of positive immunization with fecal test is 95%-99%, and the false positive is 1.3%-3.3%. The cross-reaction with other parasites is lower than that of paragonimiasis. . The conventional ELISA method has high sensitivity and specificity in antigen-antibody detection, but it is time consuming and costly. For this reason, the improved ELISAs in recent years are as follows.