1. Current status of three-dimensional culture of shrimp ponds Three-dimensional breeding of shrimp ponds in our province should begin in the middle and late 1980s. At that time, shrimp farming was in a low-density, extensive-type stage, and the three-dimensional culture method was simple. The variety of polyculture was single and the breeding efficiency was not satisfactory. , resulting in three-dimensional breeding mode, always groping, trial stage. By 1993, due to the impact of the shrimp storm, the shrimp aquaculture industry suffered a heavy blow. Many breeding units and farmers had little success or even suffered losses, and individual losses were quite serious, which severely restricted the development and utilization of shrimp ponds, resulting in shrimp farming. The industry has experienced a major decline and many shrimp ponds have been abandoned. In order to effectively improve the comprehensive utilization rate of shrimp ponds, government agencies at all levels and scientific and technical workers have conducted multi-faceted exploration and research on the three-dimensional culture of shrimp ponds. The breeding model has been continuously updated, polyculture varieties have gradually increased, and ecological control measures have gradually improved. The three-dimensional breeding has high success rate, wide spread coverage, and remarkable economic benefits. So far, the province's three-dimensional aquaculture area has reached more than 700,000 mu, which has played a pivotal role in promoting the development of aquaculture. Pharmaceutical Glass Vials, Pharma Glass Vials, Pharma Vials , butyl rubber stopper, seal, cap, empty IV bags, Empty IV Container, glass vials, ampoules Pharmaceutical Glass Vials,Pharma Glass Vials,Pharma Vials,Empty IV Container China Lemon Trading Co.,Ltd , https://www.sterilevial.nl
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Shrimp pond three-dimensional ecological breeding technology regulation
The three-dimensional ecological culture of shrimp ponds is based on the principles of aquatic ecology. In balanced water ecosystems, the appropriate breeds are selected, the varieties are scientifically matched, and the density is maintained so that aquatic animals can live under the control of the food chain. Different water layers form a relatively stable ecological balance and constitute a diversity of organisms, so as to achieve the purpose of ecological disease prevention in which each organism adapts, uses each other, and controls each other and performs normal survival and reproduction.
From the perspective of the overall situation of the three-dimensional aquaculture in the province, it is good. The first is that the three-dimensional breeding mode is various, such as: fish, shrimp, shellfish polyculture, fish, shrimp, crab polyculture, shrimp, shellfish polyculture, fish, shellfish polyculture, shrimp, mixed polyculture, etc.; Yes, there are a wide variety of polyculture species. The shrimps include Chinese shrimp, Japanese shrimp, and white shrimp, and the fish are salmon, gums, sarcophagus and red-finned Oriental dolphins. There are shellfish, scallops, oysters, and mottled oysters. Ranunculus, loach, clams, sea cucumber, abalone, etc.; The third is that shrimp pond polyculture varieties have fast growth, disease is obviously better than single-cultivation, especially the polyculture of shellfish is obviously better than the local beach Shellfish, according to the determination in mid-April, put 2cm seedlings in the shrimp pond, until the beginning of October shell length can reach 6-7cm, play in the natural sea area than the same period about 1--2cm, stocking 1200 / 500g variegated 蛤In September, it reached 70-80 grains per 500g, which is 2-3 times higher than that of the natural sea area.
However, not all three-dimensional cultures can be fully successful, and there are significant differences among regions, species, and shrimp ponds. One of the main reasons is that due to the consequences of environmental pollution, self-pollution in the breeding process, and problems caused by the transplantation seedlings, the diseases of the polycultured fish, shrimp, and shellfish become increasingly serious; secondly, due to the farmers Regardless of the production conditions, one-sided pursuit of stocking densities and the introduction of unqualified baits caused malnutrition and physical weight loss in various cultured species, which increased the incidence of disease. Third, due to improper management, unreasonable mix of ecologically farmed species and inadequate ecological control measures. As a result, many farming diseases occur from time to time and become increasingly serious. To sum up, it is imperative and urgent to develop ecological breeding to carry out ecological disease prevention. The author believes that to do a good job of three-dimensional culture, it should be mainly from the aspects of ecological comprehensive regulation and healthy breeding techniques.
2. Comprehensive ecological regulation of three-dimensional culture of shrimp ponds
2.1 It is necessary to properly match breeds. According to the ecological habits and ecological principles of various cultured species, the appropriate breeding species are selected to form an ecological environment with mutual use and mutual promotion among species, achieve a relatively stable ecological balance, constitute biological diversity, and protect the ecological environment. Improvement plays an important regulatory role. For example, the three-dimensional breeding mode of shrimp, squid, and puffer is based on the organic combination of the ecological habits of shrimp, fish, and shellfish, forming an ecological environment in which the three breeding species promote each other and complement each other ecologically. Shrimp, fish excrement, residual bait, etc. will cause the pool water to be over-fat, and can use fertilizer to promote growth. At the same time, the respiration, feeding, and burrowing of earthworms increase the permeability of the bottom sediment, promote the accelerated decomposition of organic matter at the bottom of the pool, accelerate the exchange of water in the bottom of the pool, increase the dissolved oxygen in the water, and solve the problem of excess algae. As a result, the pH value rises, thereby improving the organic pollution at the bottom of the tank and achieving the purpose of biological purification of water quality. In addition, the large amount of uptake and absorption of organic debris from benthic animals by carp has played a role as a cleaner, effectively improving the pollution at the bottom of the pool, achieving water purification, and creating a good environment for the growth of shrimp and praying. The polyculture of prawn has effectively increased the utilization rate of shrimp pond water, and it has played a role in promoting algal reproduction through feeding.
2.2 To reduce the stocking density appropriately. Basic productivity is one of the important factors that limit the accommodation of water in the waters. In the water area, especially shrimp ponds, the basic productivity is limited. One-sided pursuit of stocking densities will inevitably lead to an increase in the biomass of limited water bodies, resulting in increased environmental deterioration, reduced dissolved oxygen, and increased levels of ammonia and other toxic substances and pathogenic microorganisms. Shell, algae growth has a great influence. Because shrimps have been mainly zooplankton-born since shrimps began to live, due to the conditions of the sediments and the large-scale feeding of shrimp, some benthic organisms that directly use basic productivity and serve as bait feeds are difficult to sustain in large numbers. This has affected the continuity of the ecosystem food chain. If the quality of the feed and technical management cannot keep up, there will be a slowdown in the growth rate of the cultured species, weakness of the constitution, multiple diseases or other ills.
It has been proved that under the same environmental conditions, the same variety is cultivated. With the increase of stocking density, the final individual of the cultured species will be reduced and the growth will be slow. When the density exceeds a certain limit, it will cause a large area of ​​disease and death of the cultured species. Therefore, the stocking densities of all varieties of three-dimensional culture should be based on the size of the basic productivity of the shrimp ponds, the strength of the ecological regulation and control, and the local conditions. For example, the stocking density of shrimp, squid, and puffer, the prawn stock for 2-3 cm of prawn stocking per acre is generally controlled at about 3000--4000, and the stocking density of shellfish seedlings is determined according to the stocking density of prawn seedlings. The density is high, the bait feeds more, the ecological regulation ability is stronger, and the stocking density of the shellfish is larger, whereas the stocking density should be smaller, but the stocking area should generally be controlled at about 20% to 30% of the shrimp pond area, and the stocking squid According to the matching of the seedling stocking density of Bei Miao, the average size of 1000-2000 tail fishes with a large size of more than 100g will be allocated.
2.3 Pool water depth adjustment should be appropriate. Water is the main living environment of aquaculture animals. The quality of water directly affects the growth and survival of aquatic aquaculture objects. Fresh seawater is often replaced in shrimp ponds, which not only increases the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture pond water, but also reduces the concentration of metabolic poisons. Improve the bottom redox state. But also can adjust the biological composition of the pool, promote growth balance, is conducive to the normal growth of cultured species. Therefore, the regulation of shrimp pond water depth must be based on local conditions, timely adjustment, in the early stage of the breeding, in order to facilitate the rapid growth of the bottom of the pool of basic food organisms and shellfish, pool water should not be too deep, mainly to regularly add fresh seawater into the pool and fertilization The water depth is generally controlled in the sunlight can be transmitted to the bottom of the pool is appropriate. In the middle and later stages of breeding, with the rising of water temperature in the sea area, the decomposition of bottom bait and the rapid increase of absolute biomass in the pond, the water quality tends to be deteriorated, and the amount of water exchange and the depth of pool water must be increased to promote the change of water quality in the pool. Live, but it is worth noting that the polyculture of shellfish is a fixed passive feeding, but also inhabits the bottom of the shrimp pond. The shrimp pond has a small amount of water, the pool water is too deep, the water will flow slowly, and the relative flow rate will decrease, and the shellfish will grow. If it is unfavorable, changing the amount of water is too large or the water is too shallow, the density of photosynthetic unicellular algae cannot be guaranteed, and the transparency of the pool water will be large, and it will easily cause the proliferation of filamentous algae, Cladophora, and canola, and these algae will sink in the high temperature season. At the bottom of the pool, shellfish may suffocate or poison. When the disease epidemic is serious, closed or semi-closed farming methods should be adopted to cut off the pathogens' transmission channels and control the occurrence of diseases.
2.4 Timely fertilizer breeding or transplantation shrimp and shrimp base animal and plant food. Propagation of basic baits means that the life of the cultured objects is close to the natural ecological environment and the normal growth of the cultured objects is promoted in order to achieve complementary advantages. Basic food organisms are rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, etc. They are the best natural bait for fish, crab, shrimp and shellfish. They not only grow faster and have a stronger physique, but also reduce the cost of breeding and reduce the amount of food. Contamination at the bottom of pools of shrimps. In addition, bait organisms, especially phytoplankton, can also purify water and absorb harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide in water to reduce the damage to cultured species. Therefore, before the seedlings are introduced, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is generally 10:1, and the transparency is 30-40 cm. A certain amount of animal and plant foods. For example: shrimp and crabs polyculture, put 2 - 2.5 kg per acre before the release of seedlings, to win the species or small blue dragonfly, proper transplantation of appropriate amount of plants, so that it naturally grows in the pool long. Not only can provide high-quality animal and plant food for the growth of shrimps and crabs, but also provide a hidden place for the crab, which is conducive to the normal shelling growth of the crab. It can not only reduce the chance of mutual disability, but also increase the survival rate of the culture. It can also stabilize the water quality and absorb the carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other inorganic salts in the shrimp pond. At the same time, they also absorb excess organic substances in the water and reduce the water's fatness. Clarify water quality, enhance photosynthesis, and increase dissolved oxygen in water. So that the water can always be kept fresh and clean, providing a good food and accommodation environment for the crab to reduce the incidence of disease.
2.5 Put appropriate amount of microbiological preparations and beneficial algae, regularly put appropriate photosynthetic bacteria, beneficial bacteria and other beneficial algae into each shrimp pond. They can not only decompose residual baits in fish pond water, but also organic matter such as fish, shrimp and shell feces, and reduce ammonia nitrogen content. Keep aquaculture water clean to improve the environment. Moreover, it can also improve the gastrointestinal tract environment of the cultured subjects, increase appetite, and promote growth; enhance the immunity and disease resistance of the intensively-cultivated subjects, and prevent and reduce the occurrence and spread of bacterial diseases. For example, shrimp and sea cucumbers are mixed to simulate the ecological environment of the natural sea area of ​​sea cucumbers, and scientific artificial stone-building reefs are used to transplant algae and spores of sclerotium, phyllophyceae, and schistosophy into the pool, and can also be set inside the pool water. The net bed cultivates algae, increases the variety and quantity of natural basic bait in the culture pond, and regularly puts in photosynthetic bacteria, water sterilizing bacteria and other beneficial bacteria to improve the bottom pollution of shrimp ponds, purifies and stabilizes water quality, and provides high-quality bait for sea cucumbers. Sea cucumber's disease prevention and disease resistance.