Can protein also cure cancer? A few days ago, an article published in the well-known magazine European Urology, the researchers isolated a protein called VAR2CSA from Plasmodium, and added cytotoxic drugs through structural modification of VAR2SCA. The researchers found that the drug was completely chemotherapy. Drug-resistant, highly aggressive bladder cancer mice responded tremendously to this malaria protein drug combination. Eighty percent of the animals treated remained alive after 70 days, while all other animals in three different control groups died of bladder cancer.
80% of animals treated with VDC886 survived after 70 days
It is well known that bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world. Because of the need for interventional treatment and careful care of various treatment options, bladder cancer is also the cancer that currently spends the most money on each patient. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is the worst type of bladder cancer, with a 5-year survival of only 50%. Despite the continuous optimization of surgical procedures and systemic treatment options over the past 20 years, there has been no breakthrough in the treatment of patients with bladder cancer. The current standard treatment for MIBC is new chemotherapy based on cisplatin, but the overall benefit rate is only 5%-6%. And only about 40% of patients are sensitive to new chemotherapy. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently needed to help patients with bladder cancer.
Mads Daugaard, a senior research scientist in prostate cancer in Vancouver, said: "This is the first time that we have incorporated the concept of malaria protein into cancer treatment directly into the clinical environment. There are a lot of clinical needs to find new treatments for bladder cancer. We see opportunities. Use our new malaria drugs to fight this disease." So we need to understand the VAR2CSA protein and its principles for treating cancer.
Initially, the researchers found that in areas where Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted, people generally gain clinical immunity during childhood, and adults can gradually fight and protect themselves from Plasmodium infection. But pregnant women have broken this pattern. Pregnant women are very susceptible to malaria and are more ill than other non-pregnant women and adult men. A hallmark of pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is the accumulation of Plasmodium in the placental villus and causes maternal anemia, premature birth, low birth weight, and increased neonatal mortality.
Plasmodium-infected red blood cells are adsorbed on the surface of the placenta by VAR2SCA protein
Why are pregnant women susceptible to malaria? It has been found that under normal conditions, the Plasmodium is easily cleared by the spleen after infection with red blood cells, and in order to avoid being cleared by the host, the Plasmodium produces an adsorbed protein on the surface of the infected red blood cells, which is concentrated on the surface of the placenta. This adsorbed protein is VAR2CSA, which mediates the infection of red blood cells to the specific glycoprotein on the placenta and is protected from host clearance. This glycoprotein is a specific type of chondroitin sulfate (CS) mucopolysaccharide chain called CSA. Because CS is also expressed on other cell surfaces in the body, infected red blood cells are concentrated only on the surface of the placenta, indicating that the CS receptor CSA on the surface of the placenta is a CS subtype that binds only to VAR2CSA, unlike CS produced on other cell surfaces.
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