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Hydrolysis and methylation are the most commonly used methods for the determination of fatty acids; esterification of fatty acids reduces polarity and promotes the separation of unsaturated isomers. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is one of the most important applications in food analysis. GB 5009.168-2016 specifies the determination of 37 fatty acids in food. This method details sample pretreatment and gas chromatography (GC) parameters. This method recommends the use of a strongly polar cyanopropyl polysiloxane column (100 m × 0.25 mm, 0.2 μm). This method separates 37 FAMEs in 82 minutes. The previous Agilent application note showed that 37 Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC systems equipped with Agilent J&W DB-Fast FAME Intuvo GC columns can be used to separate 37 FAME2 in 8 minutes using helium as a carrier gas. This rapid analysis benefits from Intuvo's direct heating technology, which allows the column to be heated at a ramp rate of 250 °C/min.
This application note describes a 8860 GC system using a two-length DB-FastFAME column with a nitrogen carrier, which is relatively fast. The RSD of the peak area was measured, and the key neutral fats such as ARA, EPA, and DHA were quantitatively analyzed. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, this application also analyzed infant formula samples.
Experimental <br> The instrument was analyzed for FAME using an 8860 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). Inject with the Agilent 7693A Automatic Liquid Sampler with a 5 μL syringe and a split/splitless inlet. Tables 1 and 2 list the instruments and conditions. 
Proteolytic formula is a good choice for infants with milk allergy. It can be divided into three types according to the degree of hydrolysis: partially hydrolyzed formula, deep hydrolyzed formula and amino acid formula. Figure 2–4 shows the results of an analysis of three different types of proteolytic formulas. Key FAMEs including C18:2n6, C18:3n3, ARA, DHA are easy to detect and quantify. 
Reproducibility of six test methods for mixed injections. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that the peak area RSD% of all compounds except C4:0 is much lower than 1%. This shows that the 8860 Gas Chromatography System is a reliable fatty acid analysis system. Efficient 0.18 mm id columns have the potential to increase analytical efficiency, reducing analysis time without sacrificing analytical performance. As shown in Figure 6, using this short column allows for faster analysis (within 14 minutes) with almost the same resolution. The resolution values ​​of the key compounds are shown in Figures 1 and 6.
Conclusions <br> This application note demonstrates that the 8860 Gas Chromatograph with Autosampler and FID provides a faster, more reliable solution for the analysis of 37 FAMEs. Two capillary columns designed for FAME analysis were used; both achieved excellent efficiencies without reducing resolution. The 30 m DB-FastFAME column provides greater column capacity and greater durability, while the 20 mDB-FastFAME column has a shorter run time. The 7693A Autosampler with 8 vials and the 8860 Gas Chromatograph EPC control ensure good reproducibility and ease of operation for fast food analysis and routine analysis.
The actual samples of 37 fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixed and proteolytic formulas were analyzed using an Agilent 8860 gas chromatograph equipped with a split/splitless inlet and flame ionization detector (FID). This application note describes the analysis of 37 FAME blends at a faster rate than GB 5009.168-2016 for excellent separation.
Foreword
Fatty acids are the main components of neutral fats, phospholipids and glycolipids. Fatty acids can be divided into three categories: saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some fatty acids are essential fatty acids (such as linoleic acid), which cannot be synthesized by the body and can only be obtained from food. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that play a key role in human nutrition, including arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid. (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids can prevent diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. Fat plays a very important role in the fields of nutrition and food chemistry.
Results and Discussion <br> Figure 1 shows a typical chromatogram of a 37-component FAME blend obtained on a 30 m DB-FastFAME column. In some applications, cis and trans C18:1, cis and trans C18:2, C22:0, C20:3, C22:6, C24:1 may co-elute, causing problems with peak assignment. As shown in Figure 1, the 8860 GC system uses the conditions in the table, and all 37 compounds are completely separated, the peak shape is sharply symmetrical and the running time is shortened to within 24 minutes. Of particular note is the ability to separate the cis-trans isomers as well as the EPA and DHA components. This method is very useful for the quantitative analysis of fatty acids in complex mixtures, especially the determination of EPA and DHA in matrices such as fish oil. This 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm column has a larger inner diameter and a thicker film thickness, resulting in greater column capacity and longer column life than a 0.18 mm id column.