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The diseases and pests of the melon can occur throughout the growing period. The lighter ones affect the yield and quality, while the most serious ones cause extensive death or outbreak. Give growers great harm and loss. There are many reasons for this, or the spread of soil, or the spread of wind and rain, or the impact of climate, or seed co-producing, or machine-made artificial causes. At present, there are still some diseases that need further study. Therefore, it is particularly important to prevent and control some diseases and insect pests of the melons. General prevention and control measures, combined with field management, effectively rejecting the sources of pests and diseases, timely cultivating and weeding grass, leaving no pests to rest places, preventing the spread of insects, often carefully checking field growth, observing the origin of the original disease and where the infestation occurred, and immediately taking control measures Prevent from unburnt. Now introduce the occurrence and control of several pests and diseases. 1. Anthracnose: commonly known as black spot, sprinkled with ink, mainly harm the leaves and fruit, but also harm the seedlings and melon vines, the base of the disease stems at the seedling stage is dark brown, shrinking, to make the seedlings fall to death, and the cotyledons suffer more appearance at the edges The round or semicircular lesions are brown with black dots and pale red sticky material on the top. Onset of fruit, lesions were round water-like lesions, brown to dark brown, depression. There are many small black spots on the lesion, arranged in a ring. When wet, pink sticky material was born in the sick class. After the young fruit is damaged, it develops abnormally and is mostly malformed or the whole fruit turns dark and shrinks and rots. Anthracnose is caused by the imperfect bacteria. The pathogens overwinter on the sick or in the soil. The conidia of germs are mainly transmitted by agricultural activities such as wind blows, rain splashes, water flushes, and pruning and vines. Humidity is a major factor in inducing the disease. In addition, acidic soils, partial application of nitrogen fertilizers, poor drainage, poor ventilation, debilitating growth, and heavy onset of heavy land masses. Strengthen cultivation and management, properly close planting, adjust plants in time, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, apply sterile fertilizer, pay attention to drainage and flood prevention after rain, and remove diseased plants at any time. Chemical control; Seventy-five percent of white bacillus wettable powder six hundred times liquid, forty percent methine wettable powder six hundred times liquid, or ten percent 401 antibacterial acetic acid solution, or agricultural resistance 120 pairs A 300-fold solution or 400-fold solution of double effect is sprayed every 7 days. 2. Broom disease: also known as black rot, spot disease, decayed root disease. When the leaves are victimized, dark brown spots initially appear, and the lesions are nearly round, dark brown or concentric. In continuous rainy weather, the rapid development of lesions can spread throughout the entire leaf. When the vines are damaged, they initially develop watery lesions, and the central part turns brown and dies. Afterwards, the brown part is star-shaped and chapped, and the interior is cork-like dry rot. Induced by the melon ball mushroom infection. The pathogenic bacteria passed through the winter with conidial organs and ascospora shells adhering to the diseased body and soil. Dangers can be spread in the temperature range of 5 to 35 degrees. High temperature and humidity, poor ventilation and light transmission, and weak plant growth all cause disease. Control methods; disease strains can be found to use 80 percent of Senmong Zinc 700 to 800 times, or 50 percent of Heinecaine's wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times for 7 to 10 days. It can also be applied to the diseased area with enemy powder or 50 % thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times. 3. Blight: The leaves are sick and the initial dark green water immersed near the original lesions. When the humidity is high, soft rot boils like water and breaks easily when dry. The base of the stem is susceptible to disease, resulting in dark green water with a spindle-type depression. The base of the stem rots, and all the diseased parts die. The fruit is susceptible to disease, with a dark depression in the shape of a round depression, which spreads to a soft rot in the whole fruit. The surface is densely mottled with white hyphae. The pathogenic bacteria of this disease are cyanobacteria, which are overwintering in sick tissues in the oospore soil. When the conditions are appropriate, wind blows, rain splashes, and water rushes from the plant wound to cause the disease. Prevention methods; The best rotation for more than three years, control the water, once the disease, immediately stop watering, and remove the diseased plants burned. Before the onset of disease, 25 percent of Rhizoctonia spp. can be sprayed 1000 to 1500 times, or 75 percent of white bacteria can be wiped 500 times --- 800 times every 5 to 7 times. Spraying once a day and continuously spraying 2 to 3 times can control spread. 4. Downy mildew: also known as blight, bake, gun dried horse, mainly harm the leaves of melons, at the beginning of the disease, the leaves appear yellowish-green spots with water-soaked, expanded into a polygonal shape, and become brown, when the air is wet The back of the leaf grows grayish purple to grayish purple moldy layer. Continuous rain will make the diseased leaves rot and die. The disease is fungal algae. The bacteria overwintered on the leaf residues in the soil with oospore. 5--30 degrees can survive, 15-22 degrees when the humidity is the fastest incidence. To choose a higher terrain, well-drained sandy soil, adequate basal fertilizer, appropriate planting density, timely adjustment of the plant, cultivating loose soil to promote seedlings and strong, increase resistance to disease prevention and control; 72% DuPont Kelu 600 The liquid was sprayed for 7 to 10 days. Or 72%, 2 of Prokary water spray 600 - 1000 times the spraying period. 5. Powdery mildew: also known as white hair, can occur in vines, leaves, buds and other parts. At the beginning of the disease, white, round, small patches appear on the front or back of the leaves, and when they are severe, the white powder gradually turns white or yellow-brown. The pathogen is caused by the infestation of factor Fusarium. It is mainly spread by air and water. General prevention and control measures, pay attention to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer or excessive leaf vines, affecting air and light transmission. Immediately cut off the diseased leaf and prevent it from spreading. Protection of greenhouses or greenhouses, etc., should be strictly controlled temperature and humidity, appropriate control of watering, equipment should not be cloudy water. Chemical control; In the early stage of disease, 50 % thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000----1500 times liquid or 5% wet sulfur powder 500----800 times liquid or chloramphenicol can be sprayed 400 mg/L, or 40% methicillin arsenic wettable powder 600---800 times, spraying once every 7-10 days. Can also be used 200 times the agricultural resistance 120 or 50 percent benomyl wettable powder 1000 times night spray control. 6. Viral disease: also known as toxin disease, mosaic disease, commonly known as crazy blue and white flowers. There are two types of mosaics and fern leaves, which are mainly yellow and green spotted leaves on the leaves. The leaves are uneven, the new leaves are deformed, the tops of the vines are shortened, the fern leaf-shaped symptoms, the new leaves are narrow and long. Shrink, twist. The first pathogenic bacteria in melons can be infected with aphids and infected with watermelon. Drought, plant lack of fertilizer, weak growth susceptibility to disease. Control measures; timely eradication of locusts, timely watering to prevent drought, adequate base fertilizer, reasonable top dressing, reasonable adjustment of plants. Pay attention to reduce the wound and find that the diseased plant is immediately removed and burned. It is also possible to use a 1.5 percent emulsion of phytophthora disease to spray 3 times at the beginning of the disease, 1000 times the volume of 7----10 days, and the number of injections can increase the number of sprayings. 7. Bumping disease: It is the main disease of the seedlings of melons. The seedlings first appeared on the surface near the ground with water stains, and then turned brown. The diseased area softened, contracted obviously, and suddenly fell down. The disease is caused by the infestation of algae. Humidity or cold temperatures, lack of light, etc., is conducive to the reproduction of germs. General control; selection of pathogen-free soil contaminated soil seedlings, seed heat sterilization, or pharmaceutical soaking. In the initial stage, it can use 500% enemy powder of pine powder or 10% of 401 antibacterial agent acetic acid solution 500 times a night to irrigate the root, or use 72.2% water to 400----600 times to water the seedbed. . 8, Rust root disease: also known as roots, rotten root disease, and then colonization, the case of low temperature and easy to fall and rain, the initial performance, the root of yellow rust, after becoming sticky rotten. The disease is a physiological disease, which is mainly due to low temperature and high humidity in the soil, which results in fertility and a large number of root hairs that have caused death on the ground. Control methods; apply more organic fertilizer, planting should not be too deep, irrigation should not be too large, when transplanting with more soil, often cultivating loose soil. Can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases. Fusarium Wilt: Commonly known as Mansfield disease, wilt disease, it can affect the entire growth period, while the period of squash and late-expansion are two peaks. At the time of onset, the yellow leaves of the lower part of the plant gradually developed upwards, wilted during the day, recovered sooner or later and died several days later. The disease is a special type of Fusarium oxysporum watermelon. The pathogenic bacteria live in the soil or in the fertiliser for overwintering and has a very strong living ability. It can survive in the soil for 5 to 6 years and spread through seeds, manure, flowing water, etc. Invasive wounds can also invade the top of root hairs, develop in the catheter, secrete toxins, plug the catheter, and cause death of the plant. The common factors are low-grade groundwater, poor drainage, insufficient base fertilizer, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, flooded irrigation, heavy cropping, or acidity or alkalinity 4--6, which can cause disease to occur or increase. At present internationally, there is no good medicine to cure this disease. Control methods can be used; 1, seed disinfection. 2, timely burning of diseased plants. 3, to avoid repeated work. 4, soil disinfection. 5, It can be considered to cultivate the successful anti-double glutinous varieties. Chemical control; at the beginning of the disease, 25% phenylenede wettable powder or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be used 500 to 1000 times, or 70 fensun powder or 200 times double-effect. Spirit or 400 times more than Schrader or 100 times the agricultural resistance 120, 7 days irrigated once, you can irrigation 2 --- 3 times. Insect pests; 1, Guatemala, also known as vegetable worms, species of crickets, is the larvae of melon flies. Multiple generations can occur in one year. When it occurs, the clustered guajava seedlings can be found under the top soil or drilled into the roots of the seedlings to harm the stems and cause death in the aboveground parts. Chemical control; can use 40 percent of Dimethoate 1000 times, 90 percent of Trichlorfon 1000 times or 50 percent of phoxim 1000-1500 times. 2, small tiger: also known as cutworm, silkworm, cutworm. The larvae harm the melon seedlings, and they have the habit of being nocturnal. Biting off the roots or stems of cucurbits causes damage. Control methods; 1, artificial killing in the early morning. 2, clear the field weeds. 3, bait trapping. Use 25 to 30 parts of wheat bran, 50 parts to 50 parts of phoxim, fry the wheat bran, mix the water and mix well. Sprinkle pests often appear. 3, beetles and crickets, also known as gold turtle a. There are nocturnal habits that mainly damage melon leaves. Control methods; spray 2% of dimethoate powder in the evening. 4. Golden needles: mainly harm the seedlings, drill collars and broken stems, causing harm. Control methods; can be used 3% phoxim powder mix soil, usually 1 kg per acre medication immediately after the application of water, control effectiveness up to 80%. 5. Gualou: also known as honey, insects, for the Homoptera. It mainly damages leaves and seedlings and tender stems. The needle-tubular mouthpart sucks the foliage of the plant, and the damaged leaves are often wrinkled. The deformed and even curled up to the back of the leaf, causing the growth of the plant to be retarded or stagnant, and even spread the virus disease, causing great harm. Control method; use 40% Dimethoate EC 1000-1500 times solution or 50% dichlorvos EC 1200----1500 times or 20% speed kill Ding EC 3000 times spray. (Attention; generally every 5 --- 6 days spray once, spraying, the back of the leaves and young melons should be carefully sprayed, the heavier leaves should increase the dose.) 6. Huang Shougua: commonly known as Huang Yingzi, melon flake. Occurrence of adult damage to the leaves of the leaves, leaving a number of ring-shaped food marks or round holes. Control methods; Kill adults can use 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 --- 1000 times liquid or 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times spray. Control larvae; use 500 times liquid rattan extract, or 30 times tobacco water to root. 7. Starscream; also called Fire Dragon, Sharon. It is a spider-shaped frontal portal, bright red or dark red. It lurks in winter at the roots of lettuce leaves or earth seams and weeds. High temperature and drought are beneficial to its reproduction. Generally, the leaves of the injured plants are yellowish-white dots, and when they are severe, they turn yellow and dry, and even fall off. Control methods; timely and reasonable watering and fertilizing. The medicament can be sprayed with 50% of the three-letter mitochondrial EC 1000-1500 times or 40% dimethoate EC 1000-times. 8. Leafminer: Also known as leafworm. The larvae can eat leaf flesh in the leaves, forming curved tunnels, destroying the leaf tissue and affecting photosynthesis. This reduces production. Control methods; with 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times 80% dichlorvos 2000-times 2 were mixed, can be controlled. The prevention and control of diseases and pests of the melons in the west must adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures. Do 1. Choose resistant varieties. 2. Implement rounds. 3. Winter deeper. 4. Clean the pastoral. 5. Reasonable fertilization. 6. Control pest transmission. Care should be taken in the prevention and control of drugs, early detection, early prevention and treatment. Use medication continuously and maintain medication. Safe use of pesticides, effective play, will be resistant to drug resistance, will achieve better results.