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Chen Guangyu Dongzhitang Pharmaceutical (Anhui) Co., Ltd. If the production process is the core of production, the production equipment design is the tool to realize its core ideas. The advanced production equipment can be matched to achieve the process and produce high-quality Chinese medicine industrial products.
The traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment required by GMP can basically be produced according to the standard in terms of material and appearance. The purification facilities are matched according to the indicators, but the cleaning and sterilization links of various kinds of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatments are more difficult to meet the requirements.
In recent years, China has attached great importance to the technological transformation of the Chinese medicine industry, but the gap with the compatibility of Chinese medicine technology is still far away. The application of Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment in the application aspect is poor, and the standardization of Chinese medicine production equipment has a long way to go.
The solemn requirement of solemn Zhengzhou Tongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is to consider the diversity of traditional Chinese medicine, the complexity of processing methods, the particularity of individual varieties, the versatility, pertinence, adaptability and practicability of equipment.
The materials of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment should consider the different sources, shapes, textures, processing methods and finished product specifications of Chinese herbal medicines. It is not advisable to choose materials from a certain aspect of satisfying cleaning and purification, and it is not suitable for the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment. At present, the use of equipment materials is not suitable, such as: the hardness of the cutting equipment, considering the corrosion but not enough hardness, especially for roots and rhizomes; the corrosion resistance of the infiltration equipment, the general use of stainless steel can not achieve corrosion resistance Sexual requirements, most of the infusion of Chinese herbal medicines are acidic, can consider composite materials; the pressing device of the cutting equipment, the material selection of the feeding device can not reach the appropriate elastic, easy to advance and retreat, affecting the processing precision of the medicine, etc. factor.
Purification, cleaning, sterilization, safety, I think that the overall pre-treatment equipment is "suitable is good", do not understand GMP one-sided, no need to increase costs. Because traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment itself is a relatively extensive processing method. There are many problems in application. For a medium-sized pharmaceutical factory, the pretreatment process of Chinese herbal medicines is very large. The main reason is that there are many varieties, specifications and processing methods of Chinese herbal medicines, and the traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment is difficult to meet. Multiple varieties and diversity requirements. Multiple sets of equipment are required to complete the processing together, which provides a space for the design and manufacture of the equipment.
Xiao Jieming, director of Hangzhou Chunjiang Institute of Automation, traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment generally refers to the equipment for pre-processing the medicinal materials before the extraction or preparation process in the process of producing Chinese patent medicines, including air separation, screening, washing, infiltration, cutting, drying. Processing equipment, the purpose of processing is to improve the clarity of the medicinal materials, change the appearance of the shape, and prepare raw materials for the production of proprietary Chinese medicines.
Article 31 of China's GMP stipulates that the design, selection and installation of equipment should meet the production requirements, easy to clean, disinfect or sterilize, facilitate production operation, maintenance and maintenance, and prevent errors and reduce pollution; Article 32 stipulates: The surface of the equipment directly in contact with the drug should be smooth, flat, easy to clean or disinfect, corrosion-resistant, and not chemically change with the drug or adsorb the drug. From the aspect of design and material of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment, the key points should be easy to clean, corrosion resistant and non-polluting drugs. Due to the lack of cleanliness standards or standard levels of processed medicinal materials in the medicinal materials, the packaging materials of medicinal materials, the sediments, dust and other impurities entrained by the medicinal materials are likely to contaminate the equipment, the environment and the medicinal materials themselves, and the types of medicinal materials that need to be processed by the pretreatment equipment are many. The form and texture of the medicinal materials vary greatly. Different types and batches of medicinal materials need to be cleaned after processing. The pretreatment of medicinal materials belongs to the rough processing category. Although easy cleaning is a common technical requirement for pharmaceutical equipment, the processing of the processing equipment and equipment of the pretreatment equipment determines the requirements for easy cleaning and the cleaning method is different from other pharmaceutical equipment. The common way is to scrub or rinse with water. The main features of the equipment are fast, low cost, easy to operate and easy to clean. This cleaning method is also suitable for the production environment of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment. The material of the equipment should mainly be considered to be resistant to water and atmospheric corrosion. Parts that are in direct contact with the medicinal material and need to be scrubbed should be made of austenitic stainless steel.
The seventh part of the GMP appendix stipulates that the workshops for the production, operation, etc. of Chinese herbal medicines should be installed with dust-collecting facilities. This is due to the current remedial measures taken by traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment that does not generally have a purification function. In fact, the dust is produced by the processing of the medicinal materials. The pre-treatment equipment is equipped with a suitable purification device. Eliminating the dust from the source is very necessary for the pre-cleaning production environment.
Regarding the safety of pre-processing equipment, it should be considered from the aspects of appearance, structure and electrical control design of the equipment. Appearance parts constituting the equipment should avoid personal injury caused by scrubbing or rinsing, such as corner damage of the outer casing and fingers and convex parts that hurt the human body. The moving parts of the equipment, such as cutters and flywheels, must have protective covers or measures to avoid human touch. Safety warning signs may be placed on accidental parts to prevent moving parts from being exposed to the outside of the fuselage. In the aspect of electrical control, multiple emergency stop buttons should be set to facilitate emergency stop when an accident occurs; the interlocking switch should be set to prevent the device from being scrubbed or accidentally started during maintenance.
In terms of the safety of the pre-treatment equipment, the user must follow the principle of first training and then on-the-job. If necessary, professional and technical personnel should be invited to demonstrate and guide. The safety operation procedures of each equipment should be formulated and operated in strict accordance with the regulations. In particular, the equipment for dynamic feeding such as cutting and screening, Zui is good to implement the employment permit system. For infiltration equipment with pressure operation, it must be operated in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the pressure vessel.
Yan Zhihong Shanghai Yuanyue Light Industry Machinery Co., Ltd. The material of the traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment should be selected according to the specific material composition of the user, such as commonly used 304, 316L, etc. For some special requirements, PVC, ceramic can be used. Etc., you can also spray the appropriate material on the surface of the contact material.
For the appearance of the equipment, matt, mirror, electrolytic polishing and other corresponding treatments can be performed. According to different needs, choose the appropriate processing form to achieve a reasonable price/performance ratio.
For the purification and cleaning of equipment, CIP system is generally used, which can be washed with pure water and acid/alkali, and the equipment is cleaned and maintained after the corresponding working cycle.
For the sterilization of equipment, it is now common to sterilize the pure steam in the tank. The corresponding nozzle should be reserved when designing the equipment.
Zhao Kaijun Nanjing Zhongshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Engineers Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment material zui is good for stainless steel, which can effectively prevent rust, because Chinese herbal medicines often need to use water in the pretreatment process. If rust will contaminate the medicine, it will affect the quality of the medicine; Easy to disassemble, less dead angle, easy to clean, can be thoroughly cleaned after the end of production, so as not to cause cross-contamination between different varieties; equipment is good for closed, with safety protection facilities to minimize the safety hazards during the use of personnel.
Wei Zengyu Lianyungang Chinese Medicine Higher Vocational and Technical School Drug Preparation Training Center Engineers According to the national management regulations, combined with the actual situation of the enterprise, the material of the Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment can be satisfied as long as it can meet the basic functional needs. Different companies and different varieties have different methods and methods for pre-treatment of traditional Chinese medicines. Each enterprise has its own characteristics. Unlike preparation processes, there are ready-made preparation equipment and methods in advanced countries, especially Chinese traditional medicine processing equipment. It can be said that the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine are very obvious. For example, the Chinese medicine frying equipment is fried in the pot. Due to environmental protection and sanitation needs, although there are various electric heating and frying drugs, steam heating, etc., the effect is always inferior to the original fire. Heating, for the fire, fire, time and other fire conditions are easy to grasp, experience is still dominant, and there are hidden dangers in safety, if there is a failure such as stop, it is prone to fire and other more serious accidents.
Second, with the development of traditional Chinese medicine refining technology, what are the current incompatible parts of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment? How to improve and innovate?
Chen Guangyu Dongzhitang Pharmaceutical (Anhui) Co., Ltd. has a large number of operating units in the Chinese medicine industry. For example, processing is a significant unit operation of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, which is different from other industries. It is an indispensable part of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. The processing technology has a unique theoretical system and operating technology. The processing has a long history, and there are many methods, such as artillery, shovel, simmering, frying, boiling, dip, floating, etc., although it has been continuously improved and improved in the development process, so that the processing and production gradually get rid of the manual operation and enter the ranks of industrial production. However, the principle and mechanism of processing are still not clear. In order to make a major breakthrough in the development of processing, modern science and technology must be applied to conduct in-depth research on each method of processing, find out the law and establish a model of processing. The establishment of the model not only maintains the characteristics of ancient processing, but also absorbs advanced technology and introduces a new processing technology, so that the Chinese medicine processing technology truly meets the modernization requirements of the Chinese medicine industry. In short, it is necessary to study the unit operation theory and process technology in the production of traditional Chinese medicine, establish a unit operation model suitable for the Chinese medicine system, and enrich the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine engineering.
The sole refinement technology of Zhengzhou Tongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., as its name suggests, is to take coarse and fine, to reduce the disadvantages of large dosage of Chinese medicine preparations, inconvenience in transportation and carrying, mainly used in the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine, in the refining process, it is often necessary to remove the so-called "impurities," Invalid ingredients", and thousands of traditional Chinese medicine compounds, different prescriptions, different ingredients, various production processes, a variety of varieties for a pharmaceutical factory, the process is not the same, some varieties change the process and dosage form "refining" After that, the curative effect is not ideal. The reason is multi-faceted. The main reason is that the Chinese medicine formula is formed under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, paying attention to "Junchen Zuo, four gas and five flavors." In the traditional decoction process, the medicinal materials will interact, that is, the "Junchen Zuozhi" aims to increase the efficacy of the main drugs, guide the drug to return to the classics, and reduce side effects. The interpretation of modern theory is that the mutual components are "mutually soluble, solubilized, and produce new ingredients." It is just right to “dough and take fineâ€, and the requirements for process and equipment are very high. Most traditional Chinese medicine refining methods use physical methods such as centrifugation, freezing, changing solubility (alcohol precipitation, water sedimentation), etc., and some are removed. Molecular substances (such as polysaccharides, starch, colloids, etc.), it seems that these macromolecular substances are partially physiologically active, and complete removal is not suitable. The Japanese took a lot of detours in the aspect of “refiningâ€. They used great efforts to extract and separate the active ingredients they considered in the traditional Chinese medicine, and then matched them according to the composition of the prescription. The result was completely different from the traditional prescription function. The subject of the present, now returning to the original, and returning to the traditional Chinese medicine (Japanese called Han Fang Han medicine) under the guidance of the theory. There are a lot of experiences and lessons that are worth learning and summarizing. The traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment should be combined with the process and equipment to maintain the "Junchen Zuozhi" of the traditional Chinese medicine compound in the refining method for different varieties and different production processes. The traditional dosage form is incompatible with the difference in the therapeutic effect of the modern dosage form processing method. Starting from the perspective of refining specialized equipment manufacturing, we will consider the user's process requirements, distinguish the refined objects, and develop professional refining equipment. At the same time, we must also consider the complexity of the composition of the Chinese medicine compound, as well as the adaptability and versatility requirements of the equipment.
Yan Zhihong Shanghai Yuanyue Light Industry Machinery Co., Ltd., the main traditional Chinese medicine refining technology, mainly talk about the extraction of this aspect. Extraction in the production of traditional Chinese medicine is an important operating unit. However, the traditional medicinal material extraction process usually has problems such as high boiling temperature, long time, high energy consumption, and loss of active ingredients. With the development of process technology, the dynamic extraction has the advantages of energy saving, high paste rate and full automation control, without changing the original characteristics of traditional extraction and ensuring that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine are basically unchanged. It is an effective means to solve the modernization problem of Chinese medicine extraction process, and the extraction efficiency is obviously improved.
With the continuous improvement of the process, the old-fashioned equipment used in some factories may not be able to keep up with the increasingly stringent requirements of various indicators, and the corresponding process and equipment structure adjustments must be made.
Sun Kaiming, Vice Minister of Engineering, Nanjing Tongrentang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. With the continuous deepening of the modernization process of traditional Chinese medicine, the traditional separation method is facing challenges: the separation system with the goal of refining traditional Chinese medicines is low in concentration. Sub-complex, high recovery rate requirements, but the existing chemical separation technology) such as distillation, extraction, crystallization, adsorption and ion exchange, etc.) is based on the concentration difference as the mass transfer driving force to achieve the component to be separated, which is composed of high concentration Diffusion to low concentrations, but traditional Chinese medicine is often difficult to meet the requirements of the above separation system.
Judging from the research and development trend of modern separation technology, most of the existing equipments belong to the traditional extraction and concentration equipment, and the concentration of the extraction liquid is low, the components are complex, and the efficiency is low. In view of the above problems, in addition to studying new technologies applicable to the separation of pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicines, effective combination of existing and newly developed separation techniques, or the synthesis of two or more separation techniques into a more effective separation technique, That is to say, the coupling of various technologies may achieve the purpose of improving product selectivity and yield and achieving process optimization. Coupling technology has thus become a new research field in traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical engineering.
Xiao Jieming, Director of Hangzhou Chunjiang Automation Research Institute With the development of Chinese medicine industry, Chinese medicine refining technology has approached or reached the technical level of western medicine pharmaceuticals, but the development of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment is relatively slow, which has become one of the factors restricting the development of Chinese medicine industry. In the following aspects: (1) The equipment has a single function, low technical content, lack of purification function, and easily pollutes the production environment; (2) some equipments have low manufacturing quality and affect users' use. If the sieve bed of the screening machine is not subjected to the dynamic balance test, the equipment operates with high noise and the parts are easily worn. The gap between the cutter and the knife door of the cutting machine is large, and it is easy to produce crushed dust and dust during cutting, which reduces the yield of the finished product and wastes the resources of the medicinal materials; (3) The individualized equipment is small and cannot meet the requirements of the production process. For example, the washing machine has almost only one type of drum cleaning, which is difficult to meet the needs of different forms and textures of medicinal materials, so that many medicinal materials are still washed manually in the pool; (4) there is a lack of equipment that can be used in combination, which cannot be satisfied. The need for large quantities of Chinese medicine production.
According to the above situation, improvements and technological innovations should be made in the treatment of Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment. (1) The suction type air separation equipment should be designed and used, which can effectively avoid the dust pollution of the medicine. The early design and manufacture of variable frequency vertical and horizontal air separators are all “hair dryerâ€. It is impossible to prevent the dust from entering the atmosphere. The suction air selection equipment can not only avoid dust flying, but also improve the wind selection effect; (2) Design and develop a movable dust removal device, the dust cover of the dust removal device can change the height and adjust the angle to carry out dust removal on the cutting, selection and other processing; (3) should be based on the shape, type and processing requirements of the medicine Classify and design personalized pre-treatment equipment and automated equipment. For example: designing cutting, wind selection and screening automation units for flowers and herbs, specializing in batch cutting and net preparation of flowers and herbs; designing automatic cutting, screening and cutting units for rhizome and fruit medicinal materials, dedicated to granules Processing of extracted medicinal materials; designing trough-type or crawler-type ultrasonic washing machines to meet the requirements of different medicinal materials cleaning; (4) Strengthening industry management, implementing the national industry standards for pre-treatment equipment that have been established, and standardizing the product market.
There are many unreasonable reasons for the current concentration of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in Lin Yanhai Yunnan Bio Valley Denghuahua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. There are several main points: (1) long-time atmospheric concentration, such as open concentration, atmospheric membrane concentration, etc. Long evaporation time, high heating temperature, high energy consumption, the active ingredients in the drug are easily destroyed, carbonized and affect the quality of the drug, and the equipment is easy to scale, the pipeline is easy to block; (2) The water extract is directly concentrated by decompression equipment When the temperature of the extract liquid is higher than the boiling temperature of the liquid medicine in the vacuum concentration equipment, the liquid medicine is likely to cause a waterfall boiling and running in the equipment, which affects the product quality and the yield. If the storage tank is increased, naturally or forced to cool down, and then concentrated under reduced pressure, it will not only increase the equipment investment of the storage tank, increase the energy consumption, but also the chemical liquid is easily polluted, metamorphic and fermented during storage and concentration. Especially; (3) The ethanol extract of traditional Chinese medicine uses a vacuum evaporator to recover the solvent, the loss rate is large, the concentration of recovered ethanol is low, and further concentration is needed to be reused.
Therefore, reducing the temperature of the concentration time and shortening the concentration time are the first principles and requirements for the operation of the concentration unit of the Chinese medicine extract. It does not destroy the active ingredients, can ensure the quality of the liquid, has a good concentration effect, can be continuously concentrated, shorten the production cycle, save energy, reduce storage tanks, reduce equipment investment, and conform to GMP.
Wei Zengyu Lianyungang Chinese Medicine Higher Vocational Technical School Pharmaceutical Preparation Training Center Engineers Currently, the traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment is still in the original stage. Because the state's management requirements for Chinese medicine pretreatment are still in the initial stage, the development of related pharmaceutical equipment is also very primitive. There is not much research on processing. There is even less research on how to modernize traditional Chinese medicine processing. After all, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation process can refer to the preparation process of western medicine, while the pretreatment equipment has no reference, requires a large investment, and does not see obvious. There are not many companies that are willing to increase their investment in these areas. Moreover, a misunderstanding of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine is to extract the refined components of traditional Chinese medicines, which is obviously out of the original characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, and directly forms a guiding error in the development of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment.
The direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment is still to return to the original features of traditional Chinese medicine, rather than the simple extraction of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, or the westernization of traditional Chinese medicine. The extraction of traditional Chinese medicine is not only the separation of simple active ingredients, but the synergistic effect of ingredients is also the focus of research in extraction. These are all important considerations when designing and selecting equipment.
Third, the smashing of Chinese medicine is a crucial link. How to choose crushing equipment according to the process and environmental requirements?
Chen Guangyu Dongzhitang Pharmaceutical (Anhui) Co., Ltd. Chinese medicinal pulverization is mainly to use mechanical force to turn large solid medicinal materials into suitable solid particles to increase the surface area. Since large solid drugs (or roots, stems, leaves and Fruits of Chinese herbal medicines) cannot be directly formulated and cannot effectively perform their functions, it is necessary to carry out a pulverization operation to obtain solid particles of a certain size to ensure the stability of the manufactured drugs. And effectiveness, so drug comminution is an important and essential unit operation of traditional Chinese medicine engineering.
When selecting the pulverizing equipment according to the process and environmental requirements, the following points should be noted: (1) the amount of treatment; (2) the particle size and particle size distribution requirements of the pulverized drug. Different dosage forms require different particle size distribution; (3) there should be no metal and other impurities in the pulverized medicine; (4) high requirements for pulverization control and environmental sanitation, and should comply with GMP; (5) temperature control in the pulverizer Strict, especially for heat-sensitive herbs and flammable and explosive materials; (6) Some drugs have high toughness, high viscosity, oil and water, and difficult to smash.
Solemn Zhengzhou Tongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. always considers the following aspects from the aspects of process: (1) characteristics of the materials to be pulverized and process fineness requirements; (2) smashing of single-flavored medicinal materials or mixing and smashing of multi-flavored medicinal materials; The extract is dried and pulverized separately or mixed with other materials; (4) the raw powder and the extract are mixed and dried and pulverized; (5) special material pulverization requirements; (6) yield matching; (1) microbial limit requirements.
From the environmental requirements, we should choose from the following aspects: (1) suitable site conditions; (2) vibration and noise; (3) different purification requirements for direct or intervening drugs; (4) dust collection and post-processing; ) Local environmental requirements.
Sun Kaiming Nanjing Tongrentang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Vice Minister of Engineering Department of the selection of crushing equipment should be selected according to the characteristics of the material to be crushed, especially its hardness and rupture difficulty. If the smashing of the harder drug is selected, the effect of the device on the impact force and the squeezing force is good. If the hard and valuable drug is pulverized, the boring device or the ball mill may be used; if the smashing toughness or the brittle drug is used, It is advisable to select an impact mill.
Specifically, it can be considered from the following aspects: (1) product specifications (particle size range, particle size distribution, shape, moisture content); (2) production capacity of crushing equipment and requirements for production speed; (3) adaptability of operation (wet Method grinding and dry grinding, pulverization speed and screen replacement time, safety situation); (4) dust control (loss of valuable drugs, health hazard, pollution to the factory); (5) environmental sanitation (easy to clean) (6) auxiliary equipment (cooling system, dust collector, forced feeding, graded crushing); (7) batch or continuous operation; (8) economic factors (power consumption, floor space, labor costs) . It should also be noted that in the purchase and configuration of the machine, it should be considered that the structure is simple, easy to clean and easy to repair. When the new machine is tested after installation, the cover must be opened to check for any debris, and whether the fixed parts are loose and rotated. Spindle pulley to see if the rotation is flexible and there is no impact sound. After the inspection is completed, there is no bad phenomenon, and the idling can be carried out first. The idling time is not less than 15 minutes, and it can be used without any trouble after the Zui.
Xiao Jieming, director of Hangzhou Chunjiang Institute of Automation, can be divided into coarse crushing, fine crushing, and ultrafine crushing according to the different sizes of powders. Among them, the fine pulverization should be carried out before the ultrafine pulverization, and the coarse pulverization should be carried out before the micro pulverization, and the pulverization ratio should be no more than 20 mesh. The selection of the pulverizing equipment is mainly selected according to the powder size requirement and the characteristics of the medicinal material. Commonly used coarse crushing equipments include jaw crushers and roller crushers, which are mainly used for rough processing of hard botanicals and most mineral medicines. Commonly used micro-grinding equipments include hammer mills and impact mills, which are suitable for crushing below 200 mesh. Commonly used superfine grinding equipments include ball mills, vibrating mills and jet mills, which are suitable for crushing above 200 mesh. The micro-grinding and ultra-fine grinding equipment is suitable for the pulverization of most medicinal materials. However, the pulverization of the medicinal materials containing sugar powder should be carried out by freeze pulverization. The fibrous medicinal materials should be coarsely crushed before being pulverized, and then finely pulverized and ultra-fine pulverized. .
Lin Yanhai Yunnan Bio-Valley Huanhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (1) can not be excessive when pulverized, excessive damage to the cell wall of the extract, so that more impurities are precipitated during extraction; (2) according to the nature of the material being pulverized, the product The particle size requirement is selected in combination with the pulverization form employed in the pulverizing apparatus to select the pulverizer. For example, the crushing process of the universal pulverizer generates heat, so it is not suitable to pulverize a medicinal material containing a large amount of volatile components, a viscous medicinal material, and a softened material after being heated.
From the perspective of materials research, Chinese medicine can be divided into plants, animals and minerals. Mineral Chinese medicines such as keel and magnet are inorganic non-metallic mineral materials. The pulverization method and pulverization mechanism are the same as the ultrafine pulverization mechanism of non-metallic minerals; animals such as whole insects, scorpions, etc., after drying (or lyophilization) Smash it. Since animals contain a lot of fat, smashing is difficult; plants such as ginseng, notoginseng, medlar, etc. must be treated separately according to the actual situation, and the fineness of pulverization can generally be from 3 to 5 μm to 40 to 50 μm. The pulverizing means are mechanical pulverization, eddy current pulverization, vibration grinding, and airflow pulverization, respectively. Most of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines crushed by mechanical pulverization can meet the requirements of the production process of pills, powder, paste and dan.
The methods for superfine pulverization of traditional Chinese medicine include mechanical pulverization, vibration pulverization, and airflow pulverization. Among them, the mechanical pulverization fineness can reach 80 mesh, and the adjustment of the pulverization fineness is controlled by the screen of the inner cavity of the device. The vibration mill pulverization can be used on the ultrafine pulverization of the traditional Chinese medicine, and the pulverization fineness is between 1 and 40 μm. The difference between jet pulverization and the above pulverization is that the pulverized material is impact pulverized by high-speed airflow, and the pulverization fineness can reach 1 to 10 μm, or even less than 1 μm, which is also capable of achieving physical fine processing of fineness. method.
Wei Zengyu Lianyungang Chinese Medicine Higher Vocational Technical School Pharmaceutical Preparation Training Center The smashing of traditional Chinese medicine is a hygienic requirement in the management. Some enterprises have a combination of raw medicine crushing and net medicine crushing, no separation, or to save equipment costs. With the same equipment, it is easy to cause pollution and cross-contamination. Therefore, in the cleaning of the net medicine, attention should be paid to the selection and installation of the equipment. The equipment should be simple in structure, convenient in operation and easy to clean. Pay attention to the reasonable layout of the console, machine room and powder collection room during installation, and avoid noise of the equipment. For the damage to the human body, it is also necessary to observe and control the operation of the equipment, which is beneficial to the equipment operators to properly use and maintain the equipment. When designing the plant, it is important to consider the requirements of dust removal, ventilation, and cleaning. Comprehensive consideration can improve the efficiency of equipment utilization.
Fourth, how to correctly select the extraction and concentration equipment to improve the yield?
Yan Zhihong Shanghai Yuanyue Light Industry Machinery Co., Ltd. always chooses the equipment for extracting concentrating equipment. First of all, it must be clear what the product that the user Zui wants to get. Whether the commonly used processes are met, not satisfied, and adjusted accordingly. When meeting, pay attention to the points, that is, the nature of the material, thermal sensitivity, viscosity, working environment and other related data, as well as working hours and expected production capacity to determine the size, structure, design conditions and materials of the equipment, such as whether Contact with metal, working pressure, working temperature, etc. Then, it is the choice of process, and the corresponding equipment. Under the overall framework of the process conditions, select the appropriate equipment. Third, if the conditions permit, Zui should first carry out the preliminary pilot test, or see if it has the same or similar process and engineering. Fourth, it is necessary to select the equipment structure and equipment process to achieve the optimal configuration of the equipment under the conditions of the process, so that the capacity of the single equipment of the entire production line can be matched without causing bottlenecks.
The appropriate extraction technology of Chen Guangyu Dongzhitang Pharmaceutical (Anhui) Co., Ltd. is the key to ensure the quality of extraction, preparation, extraction efficiency and cost reduction. The general extraction process has: (1) single-stage extraction process level. The extraction speed of a single-stage extraction is constantly changing, and the speed gradually decreases with the delay of time. Intermittent production, commonly used multi-function extraction device; (2) single-stage reflux extraction process. It is mainly used for degreasing alcohol or organic solvent extraction herbs and some medicines. The ethanol distilled from the concentrator is self-condensed into a tank and continuously refluxed into the wine tank. Because of the continuous injection of fresh solution, the solvent and the drug cell tissue The concentration difference between the active ingredients in the interior is always high, which speeds up the extraction. Moreover, the extraction and concentration are closely combined, and the extract produced after the Zui is already a concentrate. The extraction liquid of this method has a long heating time, but is not suitable for the extraction of heat-sensitive medicinal materials; (3) the extraction process by warm immersion method. This process is an extraction method developed on the basis of a hot reflux leaching process. Only the extraction tank can be used for heating and cooling. The temperature immersion method is to control the extraction temperature in the extractor at 40-50 °C, and better use the favorable factors of temperature for accelerating leaching, and also reduce the damage of leaching components and excessive leaching of polymer ineffective components at higher temperatures. (4) Single-stage circulating impregnation extraction process. The extract is circulated and flowed to increase contact with the medicinal material. It is characterized in that the solid-liquid two phases have relative motion in the leaching device, and the surface of the boundary layer between the two phases is renewed due to friction, thereby accelerating the leaching process; (5) the semi-countercurrent multi-stage extraction process and the tank group countercurrent extraction device. The main purpose is to maintain the advantages of the cyclic extraction method, and at the same time, the extraction of the previous tank can be used to overcome the disadvantages of large solvent dosage and low concentration of the extract.
Concentration process: After extraction and separation, a large volume and low concentration of the extract is often obtained, which is neither directly applicable nor preparation preparation, and therefore is often evaporated to obtain a small volume of concentrate. At present, some Chinese medicine factories still use single-effect evaporators for evaporation, which has low efficiency and high energy consumption. In order to reduce the consumption of heating steam and improve the economy of the evaporation device, multi-effect evaporation can be used to reuse the secondary steam generated during the evaporation process to improve the utilization of steam. At present, the externally heated traditional Chinese medicine three-effect evaporator developed and produced in China has been widely used.
Solemn Zhengzhou Tongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. always chooses the extraction equipment according to the requirements of process and production volume, and does not increase the production time, cost, and post-processing volume, selects the appropriate extraction solvent, and adopts the dynamic extraction method to continuously The extract is exposed to a new solvent that disrupts the dynamic dissolution balance. Generally speaking, each Chinese medicine ingredient has a certain solubility in different solvents. If the amount of extraction solvent does not change during the extraction process, the solubility of the extract will be relatively saturated with time, no matter the time. How to increase, the solubility of the extract does not increase, that is, the dissolution equilibrium is reached. If you want to increase the amount of extract, you need to add a new solvent to destroy its dissolution balance, but increase the solvent indefinitely. Although the amount of the extract can be increased, a large amount of the extract will bring trouble to the subsequent treatment, and the economy It is also inappropriate. The commonly used extraction method of zui is fractional extraction, the purpose is to destroy the dissolution equilibrium, increase the yield, the duration of use, and the large amount of solvent. In order to increase the amount of extracting solvent and increase the amount of extract, Zui's good method is to continuously and continuously bring the extract into contact with a new solvent so that it does not produce a dissolution balance, and its use time is short, and the amount of solvent is small. Economically improve the yield. However, factors such as reducing the adhesion, coking, and ease of cleaning of the concentrate should be considered in the selection of the concentration equipment. For extracts containing minerals such as gypsum, try not to choose a tube type concentrator.
Sun Kaiming Vice Minister of Engineering of Nanjing Tongrentang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. selects appropriate extraction and concentration equipment according to the product process: seepage and heat reflux (for the case where the concentration of the extraction medium is stable) can improve the extraction yield. The concentrating equipment is suitable for multi-effect concentrating equipment, which not only can improve production efficiency but also save energy, and multi-effect concentrating equipment should not be used in a variety of production lines.
Xiao Jieming, director of Hangzhou Chunjiang Automation Research Institute, after extracting the process route (such as extraction method, solvent type, concentration, dosage, extraction time, number of times, etc.), the choice of extraction equipment has a certain impact on the extraction yield. The hot reflux extraction of volatile components has higher extraction yield than other extraction tanks, but the yield of different structures is quite different. The structure, installation location, cooling area and extraction yield of the condenser of the hot reflux extraction tank have a great influence. The large cooling area is favorable for the steam to be completely condensed, and the extraction yield is relatively high. Generally, the tube-and-tube heat exchanger is used, and the extraction yield of the cooling water shell layer is not as good as that of the tube layer. Vertical placement of the heat exchanger is more advantageous than horizontal placement. For the extraction yield of most medicinal materials, the dynamic extraction tank is higher than the static extraction tank, and the dynamic turbulent dynamic circulation extraction method adopted by the dynamic extraction tank is superior to the mechanical stirring dynamic extraction method. Tank-type countercurrent extraction is superior to single-tank extraction, and advanced countercurrent extraction is superior to continuous countercurrent extraction.
The effect of solvent extraction by Lin Yanhai Yunnan Bio-Guangzhou Huanhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is mainly determined by the selection of suitable solvents and extraction methods. In addition, factors such as the degree of pulverization of the raw materials, the extraction temperature, the difference in concentration, the extraction time, the operating pressure, and the relative motion of the raw materials and the solvent may affect the extraction effect.
The selection of Chinese medicine concentration process should follow the following principles: try not to damage the active ingredients, ensure product quality; simple process, easy operation, strong adaptability; compact and efficient equipment, low investment, easy to clean and repair; GMP-compliant; Process.
In actual selection, the properties of the liquid (such as viscosity, heat sensitivity, corrosivity, etc.) and the possible changes in the liquid during the concentration process (such as crystallization, scaling, bubbles, surface conjunctiva, etc.) should be fully considered, and the concentration efficiency should be comprehensively integrated. Factors such as equipment conditions and production requirements, choose a reasonable concentration process route and equipment type.
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First, on the material, purification, cleaning, sterilization, safety and application of equipment, what are the special requirements for Chinese medicine pretreatment equipment?