Xylo-oligosaccharide is a functional polymeric sugar formed by combining 2 to 7 xylose molecules with β-1,4 glycosidic bonds, with xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose as main components. In the 1970s, the professor of the University of Tokyo, Japan, first discovered. Because of its unique physiological functions, it is widely used in food and feed production and approved by governments. As a feed additive with its natural raw materials and strict control of national standards, it can be accepted as a highly efficient green functional feed additive, which can be partially replaced by antibiotics and accepted by the market and the majority of livestock products producers. First, the role of function Functional oligosaccharides have been confirmed by long-term extensive research, which can be utilized by the intestinal beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium, but not by the intestinal harmful bacteria Clostridium perfringens. The main functions and effects are as follows: 1. Adjust the body's micro-ecological balance The xylooligosaccharide is not decomposed by the digestive enzyme system of the body, directly reaches the cecum and the colon, and is utilized by beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, so that the beneficial bacteria of the body are successfully colonized and rapidly multiplied. Its beneficial bacteria occupy the space of the intestinal mucosa, forming a biological barrier to prevent the colonization and reproduction of harmful bacteria. On the other hand, the beneficial bacteria of the body produce short-chain fatty acids such as lactic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid during the growth and reproduction process. Along with the increase of the concentration of these short-chain fatty acids, the pH of the colonic environment of the organism is lowered, thereby destroying the pH environment suitable for the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli, forming a chemical barrier and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria in the colon. Maintain a balance of micro-ecology in the body through two barriers, the biological barrier and the chemical barrier. Conducive to the health of the body, promote the growth and reproduction of the body, improve animal performance. 2, improve animal immunity After the use of xylooligosaccharides, the body's cellular and humoral immune functions are activated and promoted, so that the body is protected from the invasion and damage of pathogenic microorganisms to some extent. The beneficial bacteria also have the functions of activating superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the body cells, promoting the production of antioxidants, reducing the damage of free radicals, and playing an important role in the body. Xylooligosaccharide also plays a role in activating immune response. Adding an appropriate amount of xylooligosaccharide can also significantly improve the antibody response ability and prevent canceration. 3, improve body nutrition In the process of growth and reproduction, the beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus can synthesize a variety of vitamins, such as folic acid, niacin, VB1, VB2, VB6, and VB12, to provide vitamin nutrition for the body. In addition, xylooligosaccharides can promote the absorption of nutrients such as calcium, zinc, iron and VD, and significantly improve animal performance. It can also lower cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood and liver, promote normalization of blood lipids, and have low caloric value, which will not cause blood sugar to rise. 4, improve feeding environment health The micro-ecological balance of the body ensures the reduction of harmful bacteria in the body, thereby greatly reducing the body's production of toxic products, while the beneficial bacteria can inhibit the activity of E. coli, reverse the conversion of proteins to amines and ammonia, and reduce the ammonia in the intestines and blood. The discharged ammonia is also reduced. Moreover, the discharged feces also contain a large amount of active cells, which can utilize ammonia in the feces. Therefore, the addition of xylooligosaccharide can greatly reduce the odor of feces, improve the air quality inside the house, reduce the body's stress, and reduce the pollution to the environment. In the aquaculture industry, the use of green, pollution-free, residue-free additives, xylooligosaccharides, to prevent the occurrence of animal diseases, overcome bacterial resistance and endogenous infections and double infections of livestock, livestock products and Problems such as environmental drug residues indicate the direction. With the increasing awareness and attention of the majority of farmers on xylooligosaccharides, the application prospect of xylooligosaccharides in the feed industry will be extremely broad. 5, the unique properties of xylooligosaccharides Xylo-oligosaccharides have unique physiological properties compared to other functional oligosaccharides: 1 xylooligosaccharide is difficult to be decomposed by animal digestive enzymes Animal digestive juices such as saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice and small intestinal mucosa can hardly decompose xylooligosaccharides. Its caloric value is almost zero. As a feed additive, it can directly enter the large intestine after feeding animals for the proliferation of bifidobacteria. The results of the in vitro test indicate the following: 2 Highly selective proliferation effect on beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria There is no enzyme system for hydrolyzing xylooligosaccharides in the intestines of humans and animals, and it is directly used in the large intestine for Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium longum. Compared with other oligosaccharides, it has a very small intake. It can increase the bifidobacteria in the body. 3 unique acid stability and thermal stability Compared with other functional oligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides are characterized by good stability. Studies have shown that 5% xylooligosaccharide solution in the range of pH 2.5-8.0 has no significant change after heating for 1 hour. The acidic beverage containing xylooligosaccharide at pH 3.4 is stored at room temperature for 1 year, and the retention rate of xylooligosaccharide is over 97%. 4 small intake Since xylooligosaccharide is hardly decomposed throughout the digestive system, it also has the characteristic of proliferating bifidobacteria with high selectivity. Therefore, it is only necessary to add a small amount of xylooligosaccharide in the feed to produce a good health-promoting effect. 5 no incompatibility taboo Xylo-oligosaccharide has a very high stability, it has no effect on the various ingredients in the feed, and is not affected by the ingredients in the feed. Adding a small amount of xylooligosaccharide to the feed can increase the absorption of calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc by the animal; it also has a synergistic effect on the immunological agent and antibiotic. 6 lower serum cholesterol After eating xylooligosaccharides for laying hens for three to two months, the cholesterol content in the eggs is reduced by 15% to 35%. 7 reduce toxic fermentation products, prevent diarrhea and relieve constipation Tests show that after ingesting xylooligosaccharides for two weeks, the body can reduce about toxic fermentation products by about 45%, and at the same time, it has a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and achieves the purpose of preventing and preventing diarrhea. The xylo-oligosaccharide has the function of bowel laxative, which can effectively change the moisture content of the stool and keep it 70%-80%. Its bifidobacteria utilize xylooligosaccharides to produce a large amount of organic acids to stimulate intestinal peristalsis and regulate osmotic pressure, thereby relieving constipation. Second, the application of feeding xylooligosaccharides 1. Application on live pigs Adding 0.02-0.025% of 35% xylooligosaccharide to the feed of weaned piglets can increase the daily weight gain of piglets by 8.7-9.2%, the ratio of feed to meat by 10.05~11.54%, and the nutritional diarrhea of ​​piglets by 50%-70%. Adding 0.015%-0.02% of 35% xylooligosaccharide to the growing fattening pig feed can increase the daily weight gain of finishing pigs by 7.5%~13.8%, the meat-to-meat ratio by 9.3%, and the incidence rate by 71.2%-100%. And significantly improved the average daily feed intake of growing pigs. 1 for piglets to teach the trough. It can minimize and avoid piglet diarrhea. The specific method is: when the newborn piglets are 10 days old, spray the surface of the piglet pellet feed with water. The human intestinal peptide gold No. 1 was mixed for feeding. After 10 days of feeding, the average weight of the 20-day-old piglets can reach 7.2 kg during weaning. After weaning into the nursery bar, there is no pulling, diarrhea and typical stress response. The control group weighed only 5.2 kg at 20 days of age. South shows that the addition of xylooligosaccharides has a good effect on the growth of piglets, control of diarrhea and prevention of stress. 2 For growing and finishing pigs, it can improve the feed intake of pigs, increase daily weight gain, and effectively control the occurrence of digestive diseases. In the feed, the addition of xylooligosaccharides in an appropriate amount can improve the palatability of the feed, promote the appetite of the pig, and accelerate the growth rate. It has been proved by experiments that the average weight of the experimental group reaches 64.5kg after 60 days of trial. The average daily weight gain was 575g; while the average weight of the control group was 60.4kg, and the average daily weight gain was 507g. The experimental group increased the daily gain by 13.4% compared with the control group. 3 for pregnant sows. Can effectively alleviate the symptoms of constipation in late pregnancy. 4. Sows often add xylo-oligosaccharide additives during pregnancy. While promoting the normal development of the fetus, the sow has a normal appetite in the late pregnancy, and almost no constipation symptoms occur. 4 enhance growth resistance. The test proves that in the whole growth and development stage of pigs, the xylo-oligosaccharide additives are continuously used for feeding, and the pigs rarely have diseases, which enhances the disease resistance of pigs and promotes the healthy growth and development of pigs. In addition. Feeding xylo-oligosaccharide additives can alleviate and avoid various stress reactions such as weaning, replenishing, environmental and transportation. In short. Xylooligosaccharide as a new green feed additive. It has many characteristics such as pollution-free, drug-free, pollution-free, growth-promoting, healthy and environmentally friendly. At present, it has been widely used in livestock and poultry breeding industry. It is an environmentally friendly and green feed additive for cultivating healthy herds and implementing healthy aquaculture projects. Coupled with abundant raw materials and evolving biotechnology, xylooligosaccharides have broad application prospects. 2. Application on poultry 1 application on egg poultry Adding 0.01% to 0.015% of 35% xylooligosaccharide to the whole price of egg poultry, the egg production rate can be increased by 5.7% to 6.47%, egg weight is increased by 5.4% to 6.97%, and the ratio of feed to egg is decreased by 5.71% to 8.62. %. The mortality rate of adult poultry fell by 8% to 11%, and the incidence of egg and poultry population decreased by about 70%. After the addition of xylooligosaccharides, the quality of the eggs is improved, the eggshells are clean and bright, the breakage rate is greatly reduced, the egg yellow color is bright and uniform, the protein is thickened, the cholesterol content is reduced by more than 15%, and the trace elements such as iron, zinc and calcium are obviously increase. At the same time, the breeding environment has been improved, and the odor in the house has been significantly reduced. 2 application on meat and poultry Adding 0.01%-0.015% of 35% xylooligosaccharide to meat and poultry feed can increase the daily weight gain of meat birds by 8.54%, the meat-to-meat ratio by 7.2%, and the meat and poultry mortality rate by 48%-55%. 3. Application in raising cattle Adding 1.75g/ xylooligosaccharide to the feed and feeding the yak for 40 days can significantly reduce the diarrhea index of the yak, which has a reduction rate of 90%; the number of E. coli in yak feces has a tendency to decrease, and the number of lactic acid bacteria The trend is an increase rate of about 3.7%; thereby improving the growth performance of the calf. The content of low-density lipoprotein in yak serum increased by about 21.5%; and the content of serum urea nitrogen, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride decreased. Adding 3.4g/ xylooligosaccharide to the feed and feeding the yak for 20 days, the albumin content in the yak serum decreased by about 4.1%, the ratio of albumin to globulin decreased significantly, and the total protein content increased. When adding xylooligosaccharide as a feed additive to yak feed, it should be noted that the maximum addition amount should not exceed 3.4 g/. 4. Application in aquatic products Adding 0.02%-0.03% of 35% xylooligosaccharide to aquatic feed can significantly improve water quality, the population incidence rate is reduced by more than 60%, the weight gain rate is increased by 73.42%, the survival rate is increased by 11.76%, and the fish is improved. Resistance to hypoxia. Functional oligosaccharides can increase the total amount of antibodies in aquatic animals and enhance the level of immunity. Studies on marine fish such as rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon have found that functional oligosaccharide addition significantly increases fish feed conversion and growth rate. And the absorption and utilization of nutrients and metal elements. The weight gain rate of 0.1% -0.4% xylox hummus was significantly increased. Third, the use and dosage of feed xylooligosaccharides In the basic formula diet, it can be added to the feed in a stepwise manner according to the recommended amount. For enterprises that produce full-price materials and concentrated materials, according to the unique properties and mechanism of xylooligosaccharides, the basic formula can be scientifically adjusted. The test shows that a certain amount of xylo-oligosaccharide is added to the full-price material. The ratio of crude protein can be reduced by 6% to 10% according to the original formula, and the antibiotics for health promotion can be reduced by about 50% without affecting the quality of feed, thereby reducing production costs and improving economic benefits. Due to its high cost performance, xylooligosaccharide is the least added in all oligosaccharides, generally 0.01% to 0.02%, and the unit addition cost is lower, while the oligofructose is generally added in an amount of 0.1% to 0.45%. The cost is relatively high. Fourth, the development prospects China has abundant agricultural and forestry wastes rich in hemicellulose natural resources such as corn cob, bagasse, wheat bran and stalk. It has not been fully valued and exploited for a long time. If it can be prepared into high value-added xylooligosaccharides, it not only promotes the development of oligosaccharide industry in China, but also can deal with agricultural and forestry waste, turning waste into treasure and protecting the environment. Therefore, the research and development of xylooligosaccharides has very significant economic and social benefits. As far as our country is concerned, since the time for research and development and promotion in this area is not too long, there are very few people who really understand oligosaccharides, and people need a process of understanding and acceptance. At present, according to the characteristics of domestic modern farming and the market environment, xylo-oligosaccharides have the following trends in the aquaculture industry: 1. The veterinary drug factory applies it to animal health products. Generally, xylooligosaccharides + Chinese herbal medicines, or xylooligosaccharides + vitamins or trace elements, xylooligosaccharides + live bacterial preparations are used to prevent and treat animal diseases, control mortality, and repair intestinal mucosa. 2. The additive factory applies it to the additive premix. The xylooligosaccharide and various additives, including enzyme preparations, multi-dimensional, live bacteria, etc., form a new type of additive product, which is supplied to the feed manufacturer or farm for addition. Supplement nutrition, improve product appearance and quality, improve anti-stress and anti-infective ability, help post-healing and improve feed conversion rate. 3. Medium and high-end feed products The feed mill adds it directly to the core material, such as: teaching materials, premixes, high-end commercial materials, etc., taking the high-end sales route, improving animal immunity and survival rate, and promoting animal growth and development. For example: high-end products - sea cucumber breeding, pay attention to the improvement of the body's immune immune stress. In this respect, xylooligosaccharides can be compounded with scutellaria polysaccharides and multivitamins and minerals into ginseng culture bait, and processed into professional bait for different stages. Improve the utilization of bait, prevent viral diseases, improve immune stress, and promote the growth of the body. 4, the breeding integrated enterprise directly added feeding With the ban and restriction of feed antibiotics and people's high concern for food safety, meat and food integration enterprises directly add xylooligosaccharides to feed to feed animals, maintain animal micro-ecological balance, and promote the health and growth of the body. Reduce the use of drugs and antibiotics, take a healthy breeding route, improve product safety and market competitiveness. At present, various food safety accidents occur frequently, and food safety has become a key event that everyone has paid close attention to. Under this opportunity, green feed additives have become the preferred additives in the aquaculture industry. As a pollution-free green product, xylooligosaccharide has a positive effect on the intestinal health of the animal body, as well as the health and production performance of the animal. It is bound to win a bright future for the application in the aquaculture industry. Both IgM and IgG are immunoglobulin which are produced by the immune system to provide protectionagainst the 2019-nCoV. Some patients with negative results in nucleic acid test show positive in IgM test,indicating that the IgG / IgM detection is one of the effective methods for the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV. Office Testing Kit NINGBO AUTRENDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE CO., LTD , https://www.metests.com