First, freezing injury Winter temperatures are below 0°C, and fruit trees often exhibit cell injury or death. 1. Freeze damage type (1) Tender cold injury: The late growth of young shoots with immature growth, due to unsatisfactory tissue, underdeveloped protective tissues, and easy to freeze and die. (2) Frost damage to the branches: The cortex of the frozen branches became subsidence or cracking, and the interior was brownish and black, and the tissues died. In severe cases, the large shoots also died. (3) Frost damage of branches: The development of normal branches, although the cold resistance is stronger than the twigs, but at too cold temperatures, there will be freeze damage, some branches look no change, but late germination, thin or deformed leaves, growth is not normal, Cut open the xylem color brown, after the formation of black heart, which is caused by frost damage, in severe cases, the entire branches dry dead. (4) Freezing damage to rhizomes: The roots and stems are dark and dead, lightly occurring in parts, heavy in formation of black rings, and the whole plant withered; (5) Freezing damage to the roots: The roots of the roots growing in the ground are not easily detected but their effects on the above ground are very high. Significantly, the phenomenon of late or irregular budding in the spring, or dry shrinkage after the exhibition of leaves and other phenomena, shave the root system can see the external cortex brown, cortex and xylem separation, and even fall off. 2. Preventive measures (1) Strengthen fertilizer and water management, rational fertilization and irrigation will not only benefit the growth of fruit trees, but also improve the ability to resist cold. (2) Roots and stems are used for soil cultivation. The roots of the roots are sealed in the mound during wintering season, and covered with grass on the ground, which can effectively prevent the rhizomes from being frozen. (3) Spraying cold-proofing agent, spraying cold-applied spray-applied herbicide, anti-reverse production agent, and biogas slurry before winter, can all increase the ability of cold resistance and frost resistance of fruit trees. (4) A reasonable pruning can not only improve the yield and quality of fruit trees, enhance the nutrient accumulation of trees, but also reduce the frost damage of fruit trees. Second, frost Frost is the phenomenon that when the temperature near the surface of the soil or the crown of the crop falls below 0°C in a short period of time, the agricultural and forestry crops suffer from freezing injury. When there is a crystalline frost, it is called "white frost"; when there is no crystalline frost, and the agricultural and forestry crops also suffer from frost damage, it is called "black frost." When frost occurs, its defense against frost is: 1. Coverage: Covering orchards with leaves, straw, etc. 2. Smoke smoke method: When the measured temperature drops to nearly 0 °C (usually 2 ~ 3 °C), it can ignite smoke (straw, weeds, etc.) to form a thick smoke, so that the formation of frost is difficult. 3. Leaching (dissolving) water method: that is, irrigation or watering the orchard to increase the heat capacity, increase the humidity of the air, is conducive to prevent frost. Third, sunburn As the sun shines during the winter, the dry temperature of the fruit branches rises, thaws the frozen cells at night, freezes and thaws alternately, destroys the cortical cells, promotes bark discoloration, and phloem and xylem detachment. In the case of rapid damage, the bark is sag, dry, and branches are dead. Prevention methods: 1. The trunk is painted white and it can reflect sunlight, relax the bark, change the temperature drastically, and reduce the surface temperature difference of the branches. Whitening agent formula: 3 parts of quicklime, 0.5 parts of lime sulfur stock solution, 0.5 part of salt, a little oil, 10 parts of water, stir the trunk and main branch well after mixing. 2. If the winter drought, in the early winter, timely filling of frozen water, increase orchard soil moisture content, in order to reduce the freezing and thawing speed, help reduce the degree of sunburn. Hebei Abiding Co.Ltd, a professional food supplier, was established in 2005 in Shijiazhuang, China. We specialize ourselves in supplying Organic Tomato Paste and organic pastas. Conventional ones are also available to supply. We can make the private labels according to the customers' requirement. Our products have EU, NOP and JAS organic certificates. They are also Kosher certified. We have business relationships with importers and wholesalers from around the world, mainly in Europe and America. Over the years, we have earned highly recognition from clients due to our qualified service and steadily increase our market share year after year. Fresh Pasta,Tasty Regular Pasta,Delicious Regular Pasta,Delicious Fresh Pasta Hebei Abiding Co.Ltd , https://www.hebeiabiding.com