The autumn cultivar cultivation lettuce can be selected from the Jade Sanqing King. The Jade Sanqing King is a special cold-tolerant, strong-growing and swollen variety selected from many lettuce varieties, and the economic benefit of this variety is 667m2 and the output value reaches 6,000 yuan. . 1, nursery 1.1 seedling time The nursery time is arranged at the end of August and the beginning of September, and the 667m2 is used for 50g, and transplanted in mid-to-late October. 1.2 seedbed management 1 seedbed finishing Choose fertile sandy loam with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and ventilation. A seed bed of 12 to 15 m2 is required for every 667 m2. In general, a 15m2 seedbed is applied to 2 bags of strong wangwang seedling fertilizer (1 600 g), 4 kg of NPK balance fertilizer, 1 kg of quicklime, and 0.5 kg of 3% phoxim granules. As a small cockroach, pour water, and after the water seeps, sprinkle the seeds. 2 seed treatment Immerse the seeds in water and put them in the refrigerator cabinet for 10~18 h. Be careful not to stick the oil. After taking out, filter the water, wrap it in gauze, moisten it with a plastic bag outside, and put it in a cool place at 15~20 °C to germination. After 80% of the seeds are white, you can sow it. After sowing, cover 2 cm of wet fine soil. The arch shed is shaded with a shade net to keep the topsoil moist. 3 seedling management After emergence, remove the weak seedlings, seedlings, and crowded seedlings in a timely manner, spray the seedlings (Duofu) or the evil mold to sterilize, and transplant the seeds when the leaves are 4~5 leaves. 2, Daejeon transplanting 2.1 Land preparation fertilization ridge Apply enough base fertilizer to deepen the fineness. Deeply turned 28 cm, 667 m2 applied 2 500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 45% (13-17-15) ternary compound fertilizer 75 kg, quicklime 30 kg. The ridge is 55 cm in narrow line spacing and 60 cm in wide line spacing. 2.2 transplanting Apply 20 mL of 24% ole (ethoxyfuroxime) to 667 m2 on a narrow row, then cover the mulch with a width of 70 cm and transplant at a distance of 30 cm. Generally, about 6,000 m2 plants are planted for about 4,000 plants. After planting, the home water is poured, and the sky film is covered on the condition, and the morning market can be mentioned. 2.3 Field Management 1 control Spraying a short sputum in about 20 days of colonization to promote the thick stems. 2 top dressing In the first stage of topdressing, the 667 m2 ditch applied high nitrogen compound fertilizer 15~20 kg; the second top dressing at 30 cm, 667 m2 applied urea 10 kg; the third top dressing began when the fleshy stem began to expand. , 15 kg of urea per 667 m2, foliar application of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron fertilizer. 3 watering Watering should be adapted to local conditions, too much watering too early, leaves are easy to grow, nutrients can not accumulate, young leaves are tender, not resistant to low temperature, susceptible to downy mildew; watering too late, excessive water shortage, leaf growth is inhibited, water stalk Excessive expansion, easy to cause cracks, affecting growth and sales. It is advisable to look at the water in the field and keep the soil moist. 3. Pest control The main pests and diseases of lettuce are downy mildew, sclerotinia, soft rot, viral diseases and aphids and spotted flies. 3.1 downy mildew It is the main disease of lettuce, and it is most likely to occur when lettuce is sealed. It is mainly harmful to the leaves. Firstly, there are near-circular or polygonal yellowish spots on the near-surface leaves, and white mold grows on the back of the leaves. After that, the lesions turned brown and joined together, and the whole leaves turned yellow and died, and quickly spread to the whole plant. A few days later, the whole plant was damaged, and it was a yellowish one. The bacteria are overwintered in the soil or on the autumn sowing lettuce. Generally, the temperature is low, rainy, exposed, foggy, and less in the spring and autumn cloudy days. The bottom fertilizer is insufficient, the density is too large, and the ventilation and drainage are bad. . In the early stage of the disease, 70% Antaisheng (Binson zinc) wettable powder 700 times solution, 25% metalaxyl WP 500 times solution or 64% antivirus cockroach, 48% toxic manganese Zn, 72.2% Plex, etc. can be used according to the instructions. It is required to spray the water once every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 4 times. The spray is mainly based on the leaf back. The medicament should be used interchangeably to improve the control effect and delay the resistance. 3.2 Soft rot When the leaves, stems or roots of lettuce have wounds, they are easily invaded by pathogens and begin to appear translucent water stains. After 2~3 days, the color of the diseased parts becomes darker, the epidermis is slightly subsided, and the white bacteria overflows, and the internal vascular bundles are removed. They are all rotten and sticky, soft and rot-like, with odor, high temperature, rainy, insects, wounds and low-lying terrain, early planting, and water accumulation in the field. In the early stage of the disease, spray or root irrigation with neomycin or agricultural streptomycin may also be used, such as zhongshengmycin, vegetable Fengning (a kind of Bacillus subtilis bio-pesticide). 3.3 Sclerotinia The main symptom is that the base of the ground stem first presents a water-stained brown lesion, which then spreads upwards and rots. The diseased part is covered with white filaments and black rat feces-like large particles (sclerotia). The leaves of the diseased plants turn yellow and withered. The disease is overwintering in the soil with sclerotia. When the conditions are appropriate, the plants are invaded by wind and rain and spread. Rainy water, low temperature and humidity, planting too dense and other serious diseases. In the early stage of the disease, 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture, 50% keeling (Pythium humilis) wettable powder 1000 times solution or 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 1 000 times solution can be used every 7 to 10 days. Spray once and spray 3 times. 3.4 Locust Generally, it can be sprayed with 50% anti-Converse WP 1500 times or 10% imidacloprid WP 2,000 times, and it is best to spray at sunny no wind. 3.5 Liriomyza sativae When the leaves were found to have white insects in the field, they were sprayed with 3.2% avermectin 3,000 times solution. 4 timely harvest When the top of the plant is level with the tip of the last leaf, it is the optimum harvesting period, and it can also be harvested and marketed in a timely manner when the market is good. This article comprehensively introduces the cultivation techniques, variety selection and pest control of autumn lettuce, and hopes to help farmers who want to develop in autumn and winter. 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