Broccoli, also known as broccoli and green cauliflower, is a common vegetable. Broccoli enjoys a cool climate and can be cultivated in summer. The following is a small series to introduce the summer planting techniques, common problems and solutions of broccoli. Preliminary preparation (1) Variety. Choose the first-generation hybrid variety that has early maturity, strong resistance and highest yield. The main varieties are Yuguan, special jade crown, Wanlv and so on. (2) Land parcels. Sandy loam or clay loam with abundant organic matter and good drainage, moderate water retention capacity, moderate acidity and alkalinity, and no cruciferous crops. (3) Soil preparation and fertilization. Early release of the former crops to remove weeds, ploughing and ploughing the soil to loosen the soil, the field is even and fertile. 6,000-8,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per mu, 35 kg of compound fertilizer, and 80 cm wide ridge. Sowing seedling (1) Seedbed. Select a field with high topography, good water source conditions and high organic matter content, and apply 300-400 kg of high-quality farmyard manure after repeated tillage before planting. (2) Sowing. Summer sowing can be carried out in June. The seedbed is fully poured before sowing. After infiltration, a thin layer of finely sifted fine soil is applied and then sown. The amount is 3-5 grams per square meter and then covered with culture soil. (3) Nursery methods and seedbed management. Shading facilities such as shade nets should be provided. It should be covered at 9 am on sunny days and exposed at 5 pm. It should not be covered on cloudy days. After emergence, the bed soil is wet and watered with a watering can, covering 0.5 cm of cultivated soil buds, and the seedlings grow out. The leaves were then poured once with 500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Planting and field management (1) Colonization. Summer sowing seedling age 30-35 days 5-6 leaves with soil transplanting, plant spacing 50 cm × 60 cm, planted after planting water to facilitate seedlings. (2) Topdressing. 1 Before the bud, the main effect is quick-acting fertilizer. After 7-10 days of planting, the seedlings are prepared with 200 times of compound fertilizer or 10 times of manure and manure. At the same time, 2 kg of urea is applied per acre; after 14 days, 15 kg of urea is applied per acre. 2 began to bud, urea 10-15 kg per acre applied to the plant, and with the prevention of pests and diseases with urea 200 times liquid and spray Shibao 1000 times liquid sprayed 14 days. 3 After the main buds are collected, 10 kg of urea and 3 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied per acre, and irrigation is used to promote the development of lateral buds. (3) Interplanting and irrigation. High temperature and drought should be timely watered to maintain soil moisture, irrigation combined with fertilization. When it is raining, drain it in time and do not expose the plant to water. The cultivating is usually carried out by combining weeding, fertilizing and cultivating after the rain or after the irrigation. For the first time, the grass was weeded and weeded once, and the soil was cultivated. (4) Pest control. Box mold mainly occurs in the seedling stage, and can be sprayed with 70% mancozeb 600 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution. The mites are dispersed with 25% smog mist water, and the worm is sprayed with 20 g or 32% insecticidal net emulsion 2000 times. Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella are controlled with 2.5% enemy killing or 2.5% kungfu 2000 times liquid. Harvest Summer harvesting time is from late August to early September. The flower buds are fully grown and the small flower buds have not been loosened. It will be listed in time after harvesting in the early morning on a sunny day. Common problems and prevention measures 1) bolting When the plant does not grow to a sufficient size, the early bolting occurs. The expression is that the small flower ball is accompanied by coarse flower granules. The main reason is that the seedlings are exposed to low temperature damage. If accompanied by weak roots, lack of fertilizer and other stress factors. It is prone to bolting. Solution: 1 Choose the appropriate sowing time; 2 select the seedlings with good roots; 3 cover the mulch to maintain the soil temperature; 4 do well in water and fertilizer management. 2) Balling After the start of the ball, the temperature is too high or the change is severe, and some abnormal flower balls will appear. These flower balls will show different characteristics according to different growth stages and temperature conditions. These symptoms can also be caused by too much fertilizer or excessive humidity during the balling period. 3) Cat's eye The size of the flower ball is not uniform, and it is easy to occur when the temperature changes rapidly around day and night. Solution: 1 Each variety should choose the appropriate sowing date; 2 avoid the application of too much fertilizer after the bud to the expansion period of the flower ball; 3 maintain the good water condition of the soil throughout the growing season, and easily occur under the conditions of severe drought and severe water changes. Ball damage. 4) Flower purple The purple hair of the flower ball mainly occurs in a low temperature environment, and other conditions such as lack of fertilizer and drought and too humid may also occur. Solution: 1 to avoid planting in late summer; 2 in the late growth period, apply appropriate amount of fertilizer should not be excessive; 3 keep the root system healthy. 5) Brownish yellow flower The plants do not have enough energy to keep all the granules green, causing the granules at the top of the buds to die and turn yellow. High temperatures, root damage and lack of fat can cause the flowers to turn brown. Solution: 1 avoid high temperature; 2 keep the root system healthy; 3 maintain proper fertilizer supply; 4 harvest under cool conditions. 6) Impact of waterlogging Solution: 1 crush the hard block in the soil to make the soil more loose; 2 apply organic fertilizer to improve soil conditions; 3 deep drainage trench for good drainage; 4 high ridge cultivation. 7) Boron deficiency Symptoms are: damage to the flower stems to form sores. Reasons for formation and solutions: 1 soil boron deficiency: soil application of boron fertilizer; 2 nitrogen fertilizer excess: improve fertilizer application rate and proportion; 3 root system damage due to drought, too much water, low temperature: maintain root health 8) Hollow Boron deficiency causes the pores on the stem to grow rapidly and eventually turn brown. Reason for formation: 1 low-density planting; 2 high temperature and high soil moisture; 3 application of excess nitrogen fertilizer; 4 boron deficiency. 9) Magnesium deficiency Reason for formation: 1 magnesium is insufficient; 2 soil pH is too high; 3 too much phosphoric acid or manganese, copper, salt accumulation; 4 drought. 10) White flower stems Since this is caused by whitefly, there will be many occurrences under warm conditions. 11) clubroot disease Fungi are soil-borne diseases that infect the root hairs of cruciferous plants. High temperatures, high soil moisture and acidic soils contribute to the occurrence and increase of this disease. Solution: 1 to isolate the plot of the occurrence of clubroot disease; 2 use fungicide; 3 crop rotation or use resistant varieties; 4 adjust PH value; 5 improve drainage; 6 increase beneficial microorganisms. 12) Flower ball is bad Symptoms: Rings appear on the leaves, and there are black spots on the surface of the flower Solution: So far there is no more effective fungicide, which can be solved by the following methods. 1 good drainage and good ventilation to control the disease; 2 maintain healthy plants (plants not too large) 3 avoid applying too much nitrogen fertilizer, supplement trace elements. 13) The top of the flower ball rots Symptoms: The head turns yellow and rots. Solution: So far there is no more effective fungicide, the same solution can be used as the flower ball is bad. 14) Black rot Symptoms: "V" type lesions occur at the edge of the leaves and become yellow or black around the lesion. 15) Black heart disease Symptoms: The stems turn black, and people will have a bitter taste when eating these parts. This disease is often seen during harvest in winter, and it prefers a humid and cool environment. Solution: 1 spraying fungicides in a suitable period; 2 improving air circulation and drainage; 3 reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing the use of trace elements. The above is the broccoli summer broadcast technology and common problem sharing, I hope to help you grow broccoli. During the planting process, broccoli needs fine management to obtain high yield! SARMs is a new performance-enhancing compound that is shaking up the fitness industry. 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