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Plant growth is closely related to various macro and micronutrients, so it is important to measure the stress effects of various trace elements on plants. A large number of studies have shown that Fv/Fm, Yield and ETR are three parameters closely related to plant CO2 fixation ability, so they have attracted much attention in the research.
But we should know that the stress of plant nutrients will affect Photosystem II unless it is very serious or severe. These three parameters do not reflect all plant nutrient stress, some can reflect mild stress, some can only reflect moderate stress, and some can only reflect very serious or heavier stress.
The following points indicate the limitations of the Fv/Fm and Yield parameters.
Fv/Fm – measurement under dark adaptation conditions
Fv/Fm is sensitive to very low levels of nitrogen stress. (Baker 2004)
Fv/Fm is more sensitive to more severe sulphur stress. (Baker 2004)
Fv/Fm is not sensitive to nickel stress. (Joshi 2004)
Fv/Fm is not sensitive to zinc stress. (Joshi 2004)
Yield or ⊿F/Fm' – measurement under light conditions
Yield is sensitive to more severe sulphur stress. (Baker 2004)
Note: Fv/Fm needs to be measured under dark adaptation conditions, and can be measured using all of Optic's modulating fluorescence meters, including OS-5P, OS1P, cost-effective portable OS-30P; Yield measurements need to be in light conditions Measurements are taken when the blade reaches the photosynthesis steady state and can be measured using OPTIC's OS1-FL, OS5p. Parameters such as K-Step, Performance Index, NPQ, qP, FRFex360/FRFex400 can only be measured using OS5P. Sulfur and nitrogen stress can be measured by the chlorophyll relative content analyzer CCM200
The following list shows the measurement parameters that are sensitive to different plant stress types and their application literature.
nutrient
Measurement parameter
references
Fv/Fm
Yield
boron
Yield and ETR
Kastori R., 1995
Unknown
Yes
calcium
Fv/Fm
Shmidts-Eiberger 2002
Yes
Unknown
chlorine
No literature
-
-
-
cobalt
Yield
Joshi 2004 Tripathy 1983
Unknown
Yes
copper
Yield,
2. Fo/F
Measuring time 5 minutes
1. Joshi 2004, Lanaras 1993
2. Adams 2000, Kriedemann 1985
Unknown
Yes
iron
K Step in OJIP
Jiang 2006
Unknown
Unknown
manganese
Performance Index in OJIP
Hermans 2006
Unknown
Unknown
molybdenum
Lack references
-
-
-
nickel
ETR
Joshi 2004 Tripathy 1981
No – Joshi 2004
Probable
nitrogen
1. FRFex360/FRFex440 2.Yield at high light level 3. K-Step
4. Absorption measurement in the green and infrared range to measure chlorophyll content.
5. Yield
6. qP
1.Sampson 2000 2. Cheng 2001
3. Strasser 2004 4. Peterson 2006 5.Cavender- Bares 2004, Baker 2004
6. Baker 2004
Sensitive Baker 2004 only at high stress levels
Can reflect well the high degree of stress Cheng 2001
phosphorus
1. Performance index in OJIP
2. Fv/Fm
1. Ripley 2004
2. Stark 2000
Yes
Unknown
Potassium
Yield
2. NPQ
3. qP
1, Weng 2008
2. Weng 2008
3. Weng 2008
Unknown
Yes
sulfur
Absorption measurement in the green and infrared range to measure chlorophyll content.
Peterson 2006
Sensitive Baker 2004 only at high stress levels
Can well reflect the higher degree of coercion Baker 2004
Zinc
Fs in Yield
Joshi 2004 Tripathy 1980
No -Joshi 2004
Less sensitive than Fs
References:
Adams M., Norvell A. Philpot D. Peverly J. (2000) Spectral detection of Micronutrient Deficiency in 'Bragg' Soybean, Agronomy J. 92:261-268
Cavender-Bares J. & Fakhri A. Bazzaz 2004 – “From Leaves to Ecosystem: Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Assess Photosynthesis and Plant Function in Ecological Studiesâ€. Jeannine Cavender Bares, Fakhri A. Bazzaz, From Chapter 29,
"Chlorophyll a Fluorescence a Signature of Photosynthesis", edited by George Papaqeorgiou and Govindjee, published by Springer 2004, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, page 746-747 ETR Drought stress and npq
Baker NR, Rosenquist E. (2004) Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities, Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(403): 1607-1621
Cheng L., Fuchigami L., Breen P., (2001) “The relationship between photosystem II efficiency and quantum yield for CO2 assimilation is not affected by nitrogen content in apple leaves.†Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(362): 1865 -1872
Hermans C, Johnson GN, Strasser RJ, Verbruggen N (2004) Physiological characterization of magnesium deficiency in sugar beet: acclimation to low magnesium differentially affects photosystems I and II. Planta 220: 344-355.
Joshi MK, Mohanty P. (2004): Chlorophyll a fluorescence as a probe of heavy metal ion toxicity in plants. In: Papageorgiou GC (eds.): Chlorophyll Fluorescence : A Signature of Photosynthesis Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. Springer, Dordrecht: 637–661.
Kriedemann, PE, RD Graham, and JT Wiskich. (1985) Photosynthetic dysfunction and in vivo changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence from manganese-deficient wheat leaves. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 36: 157–169
Lanaras T. Moustakas M. Symeonidis L. Diamantoglou S., & Karataglis S. (1993) Plant metal content, growth responses and some photosynthetic measurements on field – cultivated wheat growing on ore bodies enriched in Cu. Physiol Plant 88: 307-314
Samson G, Tremblay N., Dudelzak AE, Babichenko SM, Dextraze L., Wollring J., (2000) NUTRIENT STRESS OF CORN PLANTS: EARLY DETECTION AND DISCRIMINATION USING A COMPACT MULTIWAVELENGTH FLUORESCENT LIDAR Proceedings of EARSeL-SIG-Workshop LIDAR, Dresden /FRG, June 16 – 17
Strasser RJ, Tsimilli-Michael M., and Srivastava A. (2004) - Analysis of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transient. From Chapter 12, "Chlorophyll a Fluorescence a Signature of Photosynthesis", edited by George Papaqeorgiou and Govindjee, published by Springer 2004, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, page 340
Stark Z., Niemyska B., Bogdan J., Tawalbeh RN (2000) Response of Tomato Plants to Chilling Stress in Association with Nutrient or Phosphorus Starvation // Plant Soil.. V. 226. P. 99–106.
Tripathy BC, Mohanty P., (1980) Zinc-inhibited electron transport of photosynthesis in isolated barley chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 66:1174-1178
Tripathy BC, Bhatia B., Mohanty P., (1981) Inactivation of chloroplast photosynthetic electron transport activity by Ni ++. Biochim Biophys Acta 638:217-224
Tripathy BC, Bhatia B., Mohanty P., (1983) Cobalt ions inhibit electron-transport activity in Photosystem II without affecting Photosystem I Biochim Biophys Acta 722: 88-93
Weng XY., Zheng CJ., Xu HX, Sun JY., (2008) Characteristics of photosynthesis and functions of the water-water cycle in rice (Oryza sativa) leaves in response to potassium deficiency, Physiologia Plantarum Vol 131 Issue 4 PP 614 -621