A key transcription factor that promotes stem cell differentiation to form the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems In many studies, researchers have wanted to find a single transcription factor to induce mesoderm formation. Mesoderm is an early stage of embryonic development. Without the help of other cellular proteins, researchers may not be able to induce mesoderm. form. Recently, a research report published in the international magazine Cell Stem Cell, scientists from the University of Tsukuba in Japan published a study entitled "Tbx6 Induces Nascent Mesoderm from Pluripotent Stem Cells and Temporally Controls Cardiac versus Somite Lineage Diversification" In the report, they screened more than 50 transcription factors, and finally found that a transcription factor called Tbx6 could stimulate the formation of embryos alone in artificially cultured stem cells, and it also promoted the transformation of stem cells into cardiovascular cells. Or musculoskeletal cells.
Plant extraction process
1. Select plants/medicinal materials. It is nothing more than ancient prescriptions, proven prescriptions, and folk medicinal herbs. At present, common and uncommon medicinal materials have been studied. Most of the time, the amount of medicinal materials has been increased to extract low-isolated components, or medicinal plants have not been studied from Miao medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Africa, Latin America and other places.
2. Extract. Solvent petroleum ether, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, water (small polarity → large polarity). Daily decoction of medicines is effective, use water and ethanol and other solvents with high polarity. Artemisinin and other boiling methods are not effective, use petroleum ether and other solvents with low polarity. The common medicinal materials, water/alcohol/ether, are presented again, and more compounds can be separated and identified.
3. Separation. This is the most important task. There are dozens of compounds in the solution extracted in the second step. Generally, column chromatography is used, which is what we often call column flushing. The workload is large, boring, and low-tech. A master's degree may do this every day for 2 years of experimentation. As shown in the figure below, the column for separating compounds is as large as 2 meters high and as small as 10 cm. Change the solvent conditions of the mobile phase, change the material of the column, and repeatedly wash the column under different conditions and separation principles to separate the monomer compound. High Content Monomer,Kudzu Root Powder,Magnolia Bark Extract Powder,Golden Turtle Lotus Extract Shaanxi HuiKe Botanical Development Co.,Ltd , https://www.oasis-hk.com
Image source: University of Tsukuba
Pluripotent stem cells provide a new perspective for researchers to elucidate the mechanisms of cell differentiation, and the key processes for the development and maintenance of human and other animal body tissues during cell differentiation are critical to the framework of regenerative medicine. Important, although scientists have achieved some success in understanding and guiding research in the field of stem cell differentiation in recent years, the overall molecular mechanism involved in the induction of mesoderm formation and subsequent specific differentiation into tissue-specific cell types, current research The staff is not clear, because the process is dynamic, and the research conducted by the researchers was small and did not provide some decisive data.
Researcher Masaki Ieda said that we all know that Tbx6 is active during musculoskeletal formation, and that Tbx6 mutant mice can produce ectopic neural tube tissue at the expense of musculoskeletal tissue, but we don't know in the early stages. The expression and function of Tbx6 in neonatal mesoderm and mesoderm derivatives (including the cardiovascular system, etc.). The researchers then found through research that Tbx6 plays a role in the formation of mesoderm derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. A very wide range of roles.
In this study, the researchers found that transiently produced Tbx6 promotes the formation of mesoderm in cardiovascular cells, and that persistent expression of Tbx6 inhibits the formation of cardiovascular mesoderm, but promotes mesoderm producing musculoskeletal cells. The formation of the organization. Researcher Ieda explained that our study reveals a link between early Tbx6 expression and cardiovascular lineage differentiation, and the results of this study may change current scientists' views and perceptions of lineage differentiation during body development; more importantly, The function of Tbx6 in mesoderm and cardiovascular system differentiation is conserved in lower animals and mammalian organisms. Therefore, the results of this study have a wide range of applications for related research in the field of regenerative medicine.
In addition to discovering the broad role of Tbx6, the researchers also indicated that a direct reprogramming-based approach could be used to screen for important transcription factors that regulate cell differentiation; Tbx6 has a significant effect on mesoderm formation and subsequent stem cell differentiation. The results of this study may enhance scientists' understanding of the key role of Tbx6 in the formation of mesoderm, and also help researchers develop new methods to improve current research in the field of regenerative medicine, thereby developing a variety of human diseases. New stem cell therapy.