What are the environmental requirements for oyster mushroom cultivation

1. Nutrition

Although Pleurotus ostreatus is a wood saprophytic fungus, it does not have strict requirements on the culture material. As long as the culture material has the nutrients required for the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus, it can be used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus, such as wood chips, cottonseed husks, waste cotton, and corn. The raw materials such as core, straw, glutinous rice, etc., can be used for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus after proper treatment to reach a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio. It is generally believed that the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the vegetative growth stage of Pleurotus ostreatus is 20:1 and 40:1 in the reproductive growth stage. Accordingly, in order to increase the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, appropriate supplementation of nitrogen sources. Inorganic nitrogen sources mainly refer to nitrate, ammonium salts and other substances, but should not be added too much, otherwise it will inhibit mycelial growth; organic nitrogen sources mainly include bran, rice bran, corn flour, soybean meal, human and animal manure, etc. The culture material added with organic nitrogen source needs to be sterilized or piled up and fermented before it can be used for cultivation. When uncooked cultivation, avoid adding organic nitrogen sources, otherwise it is easy to be infected with bacteria and cause pests and diseases.

2. Temperature

Temperature is an important environmental factor that affects the natural occurrence of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation base. Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium grows in a temperature range of 3°C-35°C, slow growth below 7°C, faster growth above 15°C, and the most hyphae growth temperature It is 24-28°C. The suitable temperature for the differentiation and development of fruit bodies varies with different varieties. The formation of fruit bodies of low-temperature varieties requires 12-15 ℃, medium-temperature varieties require 16-22 ℃, high-temperature varieties require 20-28 ℃, and wide-temperature varieties require fruit body formation. The temperature range is wider.

Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of temperature-changing and firm mushrooms, which require temperature change stimulation when the fruit bodies are formed. The specific cultivation should be flexibly controlled according to different varieties. If the raw material is used for cultivation, because the culture material contains more microorganisms, the respiration is fast, and the heat production is extremely high, which often increases the temperature of the material. The principle of “lower rather than high” temperature should be adopted for cultivation, and the suitable environment temperature should be around 20℃ as the best. In addition, in the suitable temperature range for fruit body growth, when the temperature is low, the fruit body grows slowly, but the mushroom quality is thick; when the temperature is high, although the mushroom body matures quickly, the mushroom cover is thin and the quality is poor. Therefore, understanding the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the keys to cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus.

3. Moisture and humidity

Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to the category of moist-loving mushrooms. Most of the water needed for the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus comes from culture materials. Therefore, the water content of the culture material is an important factor affecting mycelial growth and fruiting. The moisture content of the culture material during the germination period should be controlled within the range of 60-65%, depending on the different cultivation materials and cultivation methods. Pleurotus ostreatus generally adopts closed cultivation and management during the germination period. At this stage, the requirements for air humidity are not strict, generally around 60-70%. During the primordium differentiation and fruit body development period of Pleurotus ostreatus, the metabolic activity is very vigorous, coupled with open management, so it is required to increase the relative humidity of the air, generally at 85-95% of the air relative humidity, thick and tender fruit bodies can be formed .

Four, air

Pleurotus ostreatus has different requirements for oxygen and carbon dioxide at different growth stages. According to research, during the mycelial growth stage of Pleurotus ostreatus, if the carbon dioxide concentration is between 20-30%, its growth will increase by 30-40% compared to normal air. When the concentration of carbon dioxide is greater than 30%, the growth of mycelium is significantly inhibited. Therefore, in the growth stage of the mycelium of oyster mushroom, the characteristics of its relatively carbon dioxide resistance are used to cover the material surface with a plastic film, resulting in a relatively closed environment. The hyphae are in a semi-anaerobic state, and other aerobic bacteria are not easy to grow and reproduce, which can achieve the purpose of promoting the growth of hyphae, preventing contamination by bacteria and keeping moisture. However, semi-anaerobic does not mean anaerobic. Therefore, when covering with a film, needles should be used to puncture the film to form a microporous effect, so that there is an appropriate amount of air exchange, which is beneficial to mycelial growth and management. When the hypha grows and matures, the aeration must be increased to meet the oxygen demand for primordium differentiation and fruit body development. If the ventilation is not good at this time, the stalk of the oyster mushroom fruit body will be long, the lid will be small, and even deformed mushrooms will be formed. Regarding the three environmental factors of temperature, humidity and air, we must comprehensively consider and proceed in a coordinated manner.

Five, light

In the mycelial growth stage, darkness is conducive to the growth of mycelium; in the fruiting stage, proper astigmatism must be given to the primordium to occur. Therefore, in the mycelial growth stage, care should be avoided as much as possible. Transmit astigmatism in time to promote primordium differentiation. Only in this way can the mushrooms be neat, large in quantity and high in yield.

Six, pH

Like other wood-rot fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus grows on acidic culture materials, the pH value is in the range of 5.8-6.2, and the mycelium is long. The natural pH value of the normally prepared culture material can basically meet the needs of mycelial growth, without testing and adjustment. During the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, the pH value of the culture material drops due to acid production due to metabolism. During cultivation, in order to prevent contamination by bacteria and neutralize the mycelial metabolism to produce acid, the pH value of the culture material is required to be slightly higher.

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