Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar. Hyperglycemia is due to insulin secretion defects or their biological effects of damage, or both caused. Hyperglycemia in long-term diabetes, leading to various tissues, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, nerve chronic damage, dysfunction. The etiology of diabetes is roughly one is Genetic factors. Type 1 or type 2 diabetes had significant genetic heterogeneity. There is a family history of diabetes mellitus, 1/4 ~ 1/2 patients with family history of diabetes. Clinically at least 60 kinds of genetic syndromes may be associated with diabetes. Second, Environmental factors, eating too much, reduce physical activity caused by obesity is the most important environmental factors of type 2 diabetes, so that type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility to individuals prone to disease. There is no cure for diabetes, but through a variety of treatment can control diabetes. Mainly includes five aspects: diabetes education, self-monitoring of blood sugar, diet therapy, exercise therapy and drug treatment. Antidiabetic drugs are needed in the patient after eating and exercise therapy and diabetes health education, blood sugar control can not be achieved when the target treatment. Most antidiabetic drugs have a greater side effect, so the patient must follow the doctor's instructions. With the succession of new antidiabetic drug patents,the patient is not only actually reducing the cost of treatment, but also increased the number of treatment options, Take greater hopes to patients with disease control.
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Cottonseed cake has high nutritional value and is a common protein feed. However, it contains toxic substances. Therefore, when feeding livestock and poultry, it should be detoxified and properly used to prevent poisoning of livestock and poultry. (A) The method of detoxification of cottonseed cake 1. Aqueous ferrous sulfate soaking method: Dissolve 1.25 kg of industrial ferrous sulfate into 125 kg of water, soak 50 kg of crushed cotton seed cake, stir several times in the middle, and feed it overnight. The detoxification effect can reach 75%-95%. 2. Boiling method: The crushed cottonseed cake, add the appropriate amount of water to boil, often stirring, keep boiling for half an hour, after cooling can feed, detoxification effect of up to 75%. 3. Alkali detoxification: The cottonseed cake is fed into a stirrer with a vapor sandwich and is evenly sprayed with a 2.5% sodium hydroxide solution. The weight ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to the cottonseed cake is 0.92:1 so that the ph value is about 10.5. The steam is heated in the interlayer of the stirrer so that the temperature is kept between 75-85°C, heating is continued for 10-30 minutes, and the mixture can be fed after cooling. For storage, drying reduces moisture to less than 7%. (b) Usage of cottonseed cake Ruminants and monogastric animals have different responses to gossypol. Ruminants can detoxify gossypol into the stomach due to the fermentation of microorganisms in the first stomach, and there is no problem with poisoning if appropriate. Therefore, using cottonseed cake with cereal feed and high quality refined roughage, the cottonseed cake should not exceed half. It is harmless to feed dairy cows and beef cattle. When feeding burdock, if you feed a good amount of carotenoids at the same time, the cottonseed cake will account for 20% of the concentrate and will not produce toxicity. Cottonseed cake can also be used as a feed for sheep. It can be used in combination with high quality raw materials rich in carotene to provide better results. For monogastric animals, in particular pigs are very sensitive to gossypol. The total daily feed volume of the pig's total diet is not more than 400 grams for fattening pigs, 250 grams for pregnant sows, and not more than 100 grams for newly weaned piglets. Sows should not feed cottonseed cakes before and after littering. When broilers and hens are fed, they do not exceed 5%-10% of the diet.