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Focus on broodstock and fish species wintering
The parents and fish species of fish are the important material basis for pond fish production. It is very difficult to do a good job in preventing cold in large-scale fish ponds. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the overwintering work of the fish farm, household broodstock and fish species. Grasping the key points, implementing the measures, and taking into account Datian can only be foolproof or minimize losses.
Several practical measures
The majority of farmers and fisheries in Shunde City have rich experience in fish cold protection, and local governments can adopt practical methods to prevent cold in accordance with local conditions and different species:
1, nylon film covers the winter pool.
This method is one of the most commonly used winter cold protection methods in Shunde City. It has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, and high safety factor. It is often used in parent or fingerling species such as tilapia, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, freshwater whitefish. The method is: in the fish ponds where broodstock and fingerlings spend their winters, bamboo, wood or angle iron is used to erect the scaffolds. The upper layer is covered with two layers of nylon membranes. The temperature of the pond water can generally be kept above 16°C, and the fish can safely pass winter.
2, take windproof shed, anti-frost shed.
Wind shelters and anti-frost sheds are one of the traditional cold prevention methods in Shunde City. It is often used during the wintering season for carp and other poorly-warmed fishes by erecting a vertical cold barrier on the pond's north, northeast, and northwestern ponds with a height of 2.5-3.5. Rice, with wind-proof materials such as straw, dried grass or nylon cloth, blocking the cold wind blowing from the north, northeast, and northwest. In addition, a 6-meter or 8-meter 10-meter anti-frost shed was set up on the surface of the pond on the side of the air shelter. The upper surface was covered with a nylon membrane, and four sides were surrounded by bamboo to put on fake daffodils, water lilies and other aquatic plants. Fish and other fish with poor ability to keep out the cold can basically safely pass through winter under the attack of ordinary cold waves.
3, electric heating.
Electric heating (or coal stove) heating is commonly used for tropical fish winter and crocodile winter, generally sealed (breathable), after heating, room (or pool) water temperature up to 20 °C, but must pay attention to temperature control and ventilation.
Tropical fish raised in the family aquarium can be heated by electric heating rods to increase the water temperature.
4, boiler hot water heating method.
This method of warming is often used in seedling breeding and soft-water turtle breeding. Its water consumption is large, and the number of seedlings cultivated is relatively high. The temperature is relatively constant between 26-28 °C, and the effect is good.
5, hot spring water heating method.
In areas with hot spring water resources, such as Zijin, Fengshun and Haifeng in our province, they can make full use of local hot spring water resources at a relatively low cost, and cultivate soft-shelled turtles, seedlings, and other fish that are less capable of keeping out the cold. The overwintering of shrimps played its due role. However, care must be taken to ensure that the ingredients contained in the hot spring water have no effect on overwintering fish and shrimp. If the hot spring water is of the calcium carbonate type, hot spring water can be directly introduced into fish ponds. For example, hot springs containing hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide can heat the pool water indirectly through the galvanized pipe, and cannot be put directly into the pond, otherwise the consequences would be disastrous. It is also necessary to pay attention to the monitoring of water temperature. The water temperature can only be within the safety range of fish and shrimp, and it cannot be too high or too low, otherwise it will easily cause discomfort, overstock, and even death of overwintering fish.
6, deepen the fish pond water level, reduce scared.
Before the arrival of the cold wave in winter and spring, it is one of the cold prevention measures in production of Datian in Shunde City by pumping in rivers with good water quality, raising the water level of fish ponds, increasing the space for fish movements, dissolving oxygen in water, and enhancing the ability of fish to keep warm. It has a certain effect on the wintering of squid, but the fish with higher temperature requirements, such as tilapia, freshwater whitefish, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, are not effective, and the safety factor is also low. Through this method, winter fish ponds are generally not cultured with ground fishes such as squid and squid. Since quail and earthworms start their activities in the spring, they are ready to hatch and reproduce. During the process of male and female chasing, the pond water often becomes muddy, affecting the wintering of other fishes ( This is commonly known as scattered nests.) During the winter, it is necessary to keep the fish ponds as quiet as possible to reduce scaring and to minimize the stress factors of the fish.
7. The fish and shrimp with poor ability to keep out the cold will be captured and listed.
Since the beginning of winter, freshwater whitefish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and tilapia have developed unfavorably and stopped feeding. If water temperature drops to its critical temperature, it will gradually die. Therefore, these fish and shrimp should be immediately captured and listed. Due to the recent unsatisfactory fish prices, some farmers have a chance to overwinter and want to spend a good deal in the next year. This is understandable. However, we must understand and master the habits of various fish species, and we will be able to keep up with the cold. In order to reduce the unnecessary losses caused by the cold waves, poor fish are listed in time.
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Shunde City is located in the subtropical zone and its annual average temperature is generally above 20°C. However, the annual temperature (water temperature) in winter and spring may also be less than 10°C. This will have a certain impact on the growth of poorly-seasoned fish. It can cause frostbite or even death. Among the traditional cultured species, salmon is one of the coldest species of fish. Newly introduced tilapia, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, freshwater whitefish, freshwater erythema, and leather beardfish are mostly introduced from the tropics and subtropics. Varieties, their ability to withstand the cold are poor, must take cold measures in order to safely winter. According to the study: the optimum temperature of sea bass is 20-30 °C, 15 °C when its food intake decreased, 8-10 °C stop feeding, 7 °C began to die. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a type of tropical shrimp that is native to Malaysia and grows well in high temperatures and high water temperatures. 20-32°C is the optimum temperature for its growth and 14-20°C is slow and unpleasant. It begins at 14°C. death. The leather moustache was imported from Egypt and Africa by scientific and technological personnel of foreign aid in the city of Shunde. It likes to grow in high-temperature waters, stop feeding at 15°C, and starts to die at a temperature as low as 6°C. Therefore, the farmers who breed the above-mentioned fishes, and the aquaculture industry, must not be lucky. They must do a good job of preventing the cold, and ensure that the fish that have a poor ability to keep out the cold are safely wintered.