With the arrival of spring, temperatures have risen, pathogenic microorganisms have begun to multiply, and various infectious diseases will become active. To prevent livestock and poultry infectious diseases, we should do a good job in vaccination in the spring. Microbial preparations for spring immunization. There are three major categories of bacterins, vaccines and toxins. Such as non-toxic anthrax spores, No. II anthrax, emphysema, edema vaccine, foot-and-mouth disease attenuated vaccine, inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, rabies vaccine, goat embryo attenuated vaccine, swine plague rabbit attenuated vaccine, swine fever pig erysipelas A pig epidemic virus triple freeze-dried vaccine, a sheep epidemic one epidemic a black epidemic-toxemia, a lamb diarrhea aluminum hydroxide formaldehyde-five-combined vaccine, tetanus-like poison cable, tetanus antitoxin and so on. The commonly used methods of immunization include intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, skin puncture, oral administration, eye-dropping, intranasal drip, drinking water, brushing anus, spray, etc. No matter which method is adopted, the antigen is not only retained in the vaccine. With seedlings local. It is distributed throughout the body through lymphatic and vascular circulation. For example: Intravenous vaccines are mostly distributed in the liver and spleen; vaccines injected subcutaneously or intracutaneously enter the lymph nodes along the lymphatic vessels; aerosol immunity mainly causes local immunity in the respiratory tract: but some active attenuated vaccines. , Can penetrate the body through the digestive tract infection, these vaccines can be oral immunization, chicken Newcastle attenuated vaccine can be immunized by drinking water, and some of the avian septicemia of avian strains with drinking water immune effects are also very good. After a few days to three weeks of general inoculation, immune protection can be obtained for several months to more than one year. The effect is very obvious. Because of the wide variety of vaccines, the occurrence of infectious diseases in different regions has its own characteristics. Therefore, immunization must be targeted, according to the characteristics of local epidemics to carry out targeted vaccination; at the same time. It is also necessary to fully consider the influence of the age of the livestock and the maternal antibodies and formulate a reasonable immunization program to prevent the immune failure caused by neutralizing antibodies. Such as: In swine fever epidemic areas, you can use porcine rabbit attenuated lyophilized seedlings, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, each time the first 1 ml, 1 day after injection can produce immunity, immunization protection is 1-1.5 In order to overcome the interference of maternal antibodies. Weaned piglets can be injected in 3 or 4 pigs, but in areas affected by swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine plague, in addition to swine fever vaccine. An intramuscular injection of swine erysipelas and a two-volume pulmonary epidemic vaccine is also required. Each injection of 1 ml of each pig is diluted with a 20% aluminum hydroxide plastic saline solution at the bottleneck, and immunity is generated 14 to 21 days after the injection. The immune protection period of swine fever is 1 year. Swine erysipelas. The period of immune protection for tuberculosis was 6 months. After the non-weaned pigs were injected again two months later, the infectious gastroenteritis in pigs was a highly contacted intestinal disease with serious hazards. The mortality rate is almost as high as 100%. It is possible to use a live transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine for the immunization, but the immunization procedure must be reasonable. Otherwise, the desired effect cannot be achieved. Under normal circumstances, mother and child co-immunization methods should be adopted, ie sow basic immunization 2 times: 2 weeks before delivery, 1 dose of oral vaccine, 2 weeks before delivery, 1 dose of oral and intramuscular injection; , that is, 2 doses of oral and intramuscular injection of each vaccine 2 weeks before delivery. The immunization procedure for piglets is: 1-3 days of age. When weaning, 1/5 vaccines are given orally. After immunization, piglets must leave sows for at least 30 minutes to re-emulsion. It should be noted that the immunotherapy should be based on the prevalence and epidemic of past epidemics, livestock and poultry use (including species, meat, eggs, milk, service, wool), age, maternal antibody levels, The comprehensive conditions for feeding conditions and the type, nature and route of immunization of vaccines should be flexibly formulated and uniform regulations cannot be made and adjusted at any time according to specific conditions. If you do not consider the objective conditions, rigid, dogmatic application of the immunization program in textbooks, it is easy to lead to immune failure. Hearing protection refers to devices used
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