Cutting seedlings is the most widely used and easy method for grape seedlings propagation, and hardwood cuttings are often used. In addition, there is a layering method, a grafting method, and the like. Grafting generally requires the selection of resistant rootstocks, which are used less domestically. Abroad, more commonly used anti-root tumor rootstock, 5BB, SO4 (calcareous soil, easy rooting, easy graft healing), commonly used in seedling propagation. More domestic use of the cold-resistant rootstock grape, Beida, drought-resistant rootstock longan and so on. Rootstock seedlings can also utilize their branch cuttings in addition to their seeds. Pay attention to the difficulty of rooting branches of grape vines. It is desirable that the rooting agent be used in combination with hotbed rooting. Six, nutrition bag nursery In China, nervous system drugs are also one of the drugs with the most rapid sales growth in recent years. In 2002, nervous system drugs occupied 5.9% of the entire pharmaceutical market share, and the total sales amount increased by 9.4%. buy nootropics,nootropics benefits,nootropics for adhd,nootropics for weight loss,nootropics supplements Shaanxi YXchuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd , https://www.peptide-nootropic.com
First, grape cuttings nursery
Cuttage cuttings, usually a full-year branch with 2 buds, can also be propagated with single bud cuttings when the propagation material is difficult.
1. Acquisition of cuttings: The collection of cuttings is combined with winter pruning. When selecting the cuttings, the plants with robust plants and no pests and diseases should be selected, and the one-year-old golden meander branches (0.7 to 1 cm in thickness) with full maturity, moderate internodes, and full buds should be cut to produce cuttings, excessively thick branches and thin branches. Not suitable for cuttings. The length of the cuttings is generally 6 to 8 buds. When the number of shoots is insufficient, the length is not enough. Cuttings are bundled into 50 bundles for each type of product.
2, the storage of cuttings: storage cuttings and storage of seedlings, the most sensitive to storage humidity is too large. Winter storage of cuttings is generally used for storage, and can also be used for indoor insulation and moisture storage. The storage temperature is controlled at 0 to 5°C, and the humidity of the sand is controlled by a hand. During the storage of the cuttings, the humidity of the sand should always be checked.
During the ditching of the cuttings, a bundle of bundles is placed in a bundle, and the gap between the cuttings and cuttings and between the bundles and the bundles is filled with wet sand while being wet, and until all is covered, the cover is thickened in the cold.
3, cutting cutting: cutting out from the storage ditch, first soaked in water for more than 24 hours to make it fully absorbent. Then cut to the required length, usually two buds. The top bud must be full and full. On the apical buds, 1 cm from the bud was cut flat, and the lower end was cut into a horseshoe shape at 0.5 cm near the bud.
4, cuttings reminder root: grape cuttings buds can germinate at 10 ~ 12 °C, while the roots of the cuttings need a higher temperature of 15 ~ 20 °C, so generally after the cuttings often bud after rooting, and root growth is slow . In the open season cuttings in spring, due to high temperatures and low soil temperatures, the buds that have just germinated often wither due to the lack of water supply, affecting the survival rate of cuttings. The rooting method is usually promoted by the agent: rooting auxin for grape cuttings are mainly naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, the use of concentrations are 50 ~ 100 mg / kg, the cutting base 2 ~ 3 cm in the liquid soaked for 12 to 24 hours; can also be formulated as 1000 ~ 3000 mg / kg of concentrated solution, dipping for 3 to 5 seconds. In addition, the ABT rooting powder developed by the Chinese Academy of Forestry soaked in 100 to 300 mg/kg solution for 4 to 6 hours has a good rooting effect.
5. Soil selection: The key point is soil looseness, good air permeability, and good soil fertility.
Second, single bud cutting seedlings
In the absence of grape branches, single bud cuttings can save reproductive materials. Generally open cut seedlings nursery, about 8000 per acre out of seedlings, and with a single bud cutting method, combined with nutrition bag nursery, about 100,000 breeding per acre or more, the rate of high seedlings, and garden soon. However, the technical requirements of single bud cuttings are higher than those of double bud cuttings. The main technical points are as follows:
1, temperature: single bud cuttings, often use the greenhouse, Yangshuo seedbed, daytime temperature control in 20 ~ 35 °C, maintained at 15 °C or more at night.
2, nutrition soil preparation: The most important point is good ventilation. General sand: soil: farmyard fertilizer 1:1:1.
3. Production of Nutritional Bag: A 16cm long, 8cm wide nutrition bag is made from a tubular plastic film sold on the market. Cut a small hole at the bottom to facilitate drainage.
4. Bagging: The bag is filled with soil and the nutritious soil is packed into the bag. The soil surface is about 1.0 cm away from the mouth of the bag. The nutritious bag is placed neatly in the nursery site and is irrigated. Generally 300 bags per square meter can be placed.
5, cuttings: the good maturity of good grape varieties, shoots full of buds cut into buds, buds above the 1cm flat cut, buds stay longer under the eye, oblique cut into a horseshoe. Cut the cut buds into the nutrition bag. Treatment with rooting powder before cutting can increase the survival rate.
6. Management: Soil moisture in the bag is maintained at about 60%, depending on the water content inside the bag, even if it is watered or nutrient solution. Strictly prevent flood irrigation, soil is too wet, and air permeability is poor, then cuttings do not take root. In the growing season, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed if there is insufficient nutrition.
7, hardening seedlings: seedlings grow to about 20cm, you can plant. The nursery in greenhouses or greenhouses must pay attention to refining the seedlings before they can be moved to field cultivation.
Third, grape grafting seedlings
Grafting and breeding seedlings are divided into two kinds: green branch grafting and hard branch grafting. Grafting is often adopted in foreign countries, and domestic green branch grafting is more commonly adopted in China. Grafting seedlings have many advantages. With the development of large-scale cultivation of grapes, grafting seedlings will become the development trend of viticulture.
Fourth, grafting
Grafting and grafting of grape green branches is a method of using cold-resistant, disease-resistant, drought-resistant, and moisture-resistant species or varieties as rootstocks, and grafting and propagating seedlings using semi-woody branches of fine varieties as grafting in the spring and summer growing seasons. The operation is simple, the materials are easy to obtain, the scion is saved, and the survival rate is high (above 85%). It is a method of raising seedlings in Northeast China.
When the rootstock and scion are both semi-lignified, grafting can begin. Sprouts should be filled with full shoots in the middle of vigorous, semi-lignified shoots to increase graft survival. During the grafting period, it is appropriate to graft from the late April to the late May in the old course of the Yellow River. At this time, the average temperature is suitable for the healing and growth of the rootstock. If the temperature during grafting is lower than 20°C, the survival rate will be affected. The grafting method can use single bud twigs or abdominal joints.
Grafting steps (as shown):
Fifth, hard grafting
Mature 1-year-old dormant shoots were used for scioning, and 1-year branches or perennial vines were used as rootstocks for grafting. It is used to breed new varieties, seedlings of rare and valuable species, and transform inferior vineyards. Hardwood grafting is also more commonly used splicing method. Followed by 25 ~ 28 °C warm bed for healing, the same method with the cuttings to remind the root, after 15 to 20 days to heal, some rootstock grow young root, then you can cut in the open field. The rootstock was cut from near the ground and grafted using the above-mentioned splicing method. If the rootstock is thicker, two scions can be connected. The key is to align the layers. After being tied with a rope, the rootstock is thicker and the scion is tightly clamped without binding. Then put branches on the shoots for marking and moisten the soil. 20 to 30 days can survive, then buds erupt from the cover soil, can be routine management.
Hardwood grafting generally occurs during the dormant period. After germination, care should be taken to prevent injury.
In the nutrition bag nursery, the cuttings are inserted into the nutrition bag and rooted and germinated in advance. After the frost is exposed in the open field, the soil is planted in the field when the temperature is high. Nutrition bag seedlings have a short seedling period, high survival rate and good growth. Specific reference to single bud cutting seedlings.
With the increasing trend of urbanization and aging, the elderly population in China has exceeded 120 million, and the incidence of geriatric diseases, especially mental diseases, is increasing year by year. With the increase of residents' income, the elderly's requirements for quality of life also increase. As a result, the demand for drugs to treat mental illnesses such as Alzheimer's has soared. In WHO drug classification, psychotropic drugs and nootropic drugs are grouped into one class. We briefly analyzed the development trend of this class of drugs through the clinical drug use data collected from more than 300 domestic key hospitals by Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
The overall market size of this class of drugs is about 1.22 billion yuan, the consumption sum increased by 5.0% in 2002, but the sales quantity increased by 11.2%. The main reason why the consumption sum did not increase with the sales quantity is that several main varieties of this class of drugs, such as piracetam, cobalt bin amide and ginkgo biloba leaf, etc. In 2002, the price of selling units fell sharply due to bidding. Among these drugs, ginkgo biloba preparation occupies the largest market share, accounting for more than 1/3 of the market share, ganglioside ester and cobalt bin amide combined also occupy nearly 1/3 of the market share, piracetam and other "sitan" drugs occupy nearly 10% of the market share, the rest of the drugs occupy less than 5% of the market share. At present, more than 20 ginkgo leaf production enterprises, piracetam production enterprises more than 70, have entered the stage of price competition, profit repeatedly diluted.
In the first-line varieties, except ginkgo biloba leaves preparation maintained vigorous vitality, the growth of other varieties were weak, especially the traditional variety piracetam suffered from bidding