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The broad bean roots have root nodules, and a large number of rhizobia in root nodules can fix free nitrogen in the air. Therefore, there are two sources of nitrogen needed for broad bean: one is root nodules and the other is nitrogen absorption from the soil. About two-thirds of the nitrogen needed for a common broad bean is supplied by the rhizobia, and about one third is absorbed by the soil. Phosphorus and potassium are all absorbed from the soil. Broad bean is very sensitive to the reaction of phosphorus and potassium, because broad beans are leguminous crops, need sufficient phosphorus to normal growth, its roots, stems, leaves and grains contain a large number of phosphorus compounds, especially the content of phosphorus in root nodules The content of phosphorus in the root is more than doubled, so increasing phosphate fertilizer can promote the growth and development of root nodules, enhance the ability of nitrogen fixation, and receive the effect of increasing nitrogen by phosphorus. During the growth of broad bean, if there is a lack of phosphorus, the plant growth is slow, the branches are few, the seedlings are thin, the flowering and pods are delayed, the grain is not full, and the yield is low. Therefore, the application of P fertilizer on many P-deficient soils is an important measure for increasing the production of broad beans. Potassium fertilizer can not only ensure the robust organization of stems and stems, enhance disease resistance and lodging resistance, promote the transport of organic substances, but also significantly increase the number of root nodules and promote nitrogen fixation. The deficiency of potassium in broad bean plants results in poor growth and development, short stature, dark green leaves, dry edges, poor root development, small number of root nodules, early plant failure, and even dead seedlings. After many years of experiment, phosphorus should be paid attention to the following two points:
First, master the dosage according to the degree of soil phosphorus deficiency: The amount of phosphate fertilizer is directly related to the effect of increasing production and economic benefits. According to soil census results and soil testing in recent years, formula fertilization test results to grasp the amount of application, general cold-sweeping fields, leakage of heavy fertilizers in the drained fields, thin fields, more phosphorus deficiency, Mushi 30-50 kilograms of calcium phosphate, can receive To a significant increase in production. Fertilizer can be applied in an appropriate manner. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer can cause plant growth.
Second, master the best fertilization period: the middle and low-yield soybean fields generally apply seed and seedling fertilizers as well. Because early fertilization can meet the needs of roots and nodule growth early, lay the foundation for the growth of the middle and later stages, when the broad bean 2-3 compound leaves when the superphosphate is concentrated in the vicinity of the root, the best effect. Phosphate fertilizer in middle and upper fertility soybean field is used as a seed fertilizer or a seedling fertilizer, which may cause the stems and leaves to grow long and the plants are too high, which is unfavorable to the flowering and scarring of broad beans. However, the amount of phosphorus pentoxide required for flowering and setting stage of faba bean was more, and the absorption accounted for 60% of the whole growth period. Phosphorus application at flowering stage can have a very significant increase in yield. However, the new root of the broad bean in the flowering stage has penetrated deep into the soil and applied phosphate fertilizer to the topsoil. The new roots are difficult to be absorbed and the fertilizer effect is not high, and the soil is inconvenient to use. In this period, 1-2% of the superphosphate solution was used. As a top-dressing fertilizer, it is not only economical, but also low in cost and effective. It generally increases production by about 10%. The method is to soak calcium superphosphate in a small amount of water, stir several times, place it all day and night, and then pour the upper clear liquid, add water into a 1-2% aqueous solution, and filter it after spraying in cloudy or sunny afternoons. Shi.
The application of potassium fertilizer in broad bean can promote the robustness of broad bean. Enhancing disease resistance, in particular, has a very significant control effect on diseases such as "dwarf disease" and "leaf stem blight" of broad beans. After the potassium application, the broad bean root development, nodules, and scab were all high. In general mu application of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 10-14 kg, than the increase in production of potassium fertilizer 9.8-23.4%.
In the course of development and nitrogen fixation, V. rhizobium plays an important role in molybdenum and boron and is an indispensable trace element. Molybdenum can promote the formation and growth of rhizobia, increase the number of root nodules, increase the volume, and increase the nitrogen fixation. Molybdenum is a component of nitrogen-fixing acid, and only normal molybdenum can supply nitrogen. In the absence of molybdenum, nodules were developed, and the number was small and small. Nitrogen fixation was weak or could not be fixed. Therefore, the application of molybdenum fertilizer to meet the needs of vicia faba nodule for molybdenum has a good effect of increasing production. Boron is also an indispensable element in the development of vicia faba nodule. In the boron-deficient culture medium, the internal meristem of the outer epidermis of Vicia faba bean root is diseased, and the lateral roots are inhibited and the growth is not normal. Deficiency of boron in roots of V. faba bean could not result in solidification, and the growth of B. faba was poor and its yield and quality were decreased. The 0.3% borax powder solution was sprayed once at the initial flowering stage of broad bean, which could increase production by 12.4-33%. Therefore, the application of molybdenum and boron fertilizers on broad beans is a cost-effective measure to increase production.
In the bean field where the broad bean can normally grow and develop, no nitrogen fertilizer is generally used. Too much nitrogen fertilizer may hinder the establishment and expansion of faba nodule. Since the object contains a large amount of inorganic nitrogen, the carbohydrate is used for protein synthesis and transformation required for growth of the broad bean, and the nutrients required for the rhizobia are reduced. Too much nitrogen fertilizer will also make the broad bean stems and leaves grow in length, reduce scab, seed seeds are not full, and even lodging will reduce production. However, applying a little nitrogenous fertilizer on low-yielding fields to promote seedling growth and promote weak seedlings is a very significant increase in production. If it is in the seedling stage 4-5 sets of compound leaves per acre Shi farmyard manure 1000-1500 kilograms, not only provide the nutrients needed for the broad bean seedlings, but also play a role in insulation and moisturizing, especially in the heavy clay field application effect is best Or, after using beans, the farmyard fertilizer is applied to the surface of the dumplings, and then ditching and crushing the trench soil to cover the fertilizer, which is more effective than the single application of farmland fertilizer.
Broad beans need more nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and are particularly sensitive to molybdenum and boron. According to relevant data, the production of 100 kilograms of faba bean requires 4.45 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 1.09 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.66 kilograms of potassium oxide, but rational fertilization of broad beans is an important measure to increase production.