Identification of raw herbs Character identification 1. Rhizomes are irregular, dorsoventral, flat strips, blocks, or lamellae. They are often curved and often contracted and branched on both sides. They are 3-20 cm long and 0.7-1.5 cm wide. The surface is densely covered with brown or reddish-brown scales, and the close-fitting person is a membranous shield. The straight-ended person is lanceolate, apex-tip, fringed (lashes), and dense at the base of the middle handle and the tender end of the root. Scales appear to be detached brown, showing small longitudinal texture and ridges. There are petiole marks on the top, under the longitudinal ridges and fine root marks. Hard, red-brown cross-section, with white columns in the column, row flattened. Gas incense, slightly sweet, astringent. 2. The roots are not very far from the dorsal and ventral surface, but they are cylindrical and long, 3-8cm long and 0.6-1cm wide. The scales are lanceolate and scaly, and the scales are grayish brown with a small longitudinal texture. The section is brownish-yellow and gray-white, and the columns are arranged in ovals. Gas smell, astringent. 3. The rhizome is oblate and has a diameter of 0.5-1.2cm. Scales red-brown, leathery, triangular, imbricate, nearly basally shielded, close to rhizome surface. Crisp, split in the column arranged oval. Temperament, taste salty and astringent. 4. The rhizome is cylindrical, and the surface is densely lanceolate and fluffy. The scales are shed in purple-brown and have longitudinal ridges and small textures of varying sizes. The section is brown, and the pillars are arranged in a circular shape. Very slight, astringent. All of them are thick and brown. Microscopic identification Cross-section of rhizome (1) The fern is long flat and round. Epidermal cells 1 column, the outer wall is slightly thick; scale base is located in the epidermis depression, cells 3-4 columns; wall thickness, containing red-brown pigment. The endothelial layer surrounds the split column and the cells are elongated. There are 18-28 columns in the center, arranged in a flat circular ring; the xylem tracheid is polygonal, 6-40μm in diameter, and the middle part is larger. It gradually becomes smaller toward both ends. The burl ends at the two ends and the bast part is inside and outside. In part, the inner phloem has thickened cell walls and is filled with yellow-brown secretions. (2) It is oval. The epidermal cells are irregularly arranged; the scales are born on the epidermis, with 2 cells and a thin wall with brown-yellow pigments. The epidermis and its lower 2-3 rows of cells and the inner wall of the outer layer of endothelial cells were thickened. There are 18-25 columns in the body, arranged in a circular shape; the tracheid diameter is 10-26μm. (3) The outer epidermis has a thick wax scum, the squamae are 2-3 rows of cells; the epidermis and the lower 3-5 columns of cells have a slightly thicker wall; the outer layer of the outer cortex has 1 row of cells showing a horseshoe-shaped thickening, sulcus and laminae. Obviously, the cells contained yellow cinnamon brown pigment. In the split body, the column is round and arranged in a circular shape; the diameter of the tracheid is 10-48 cmμm. (4) Thick wax sulcus outside the epidermis, 2-3 rows of cells on scales. The outer side of the endothelial layer is thick in cells. The columns are arranged in irregular 2-3 circles, 28-35 circles in the center, round or oblong. Physical and chemical identification of thin-layer chromatography: take this product powder 0.5g, add methanol 5ml cold soak overnight, filtered, the filtrate for the test solution; another take pomelo peel as a reference, were spotted on the same polyamide film, with benzene Methanol-butanone (3:1:1) was developed and sprayed with 1% ferric chloride in ethanol. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same stain was observed in the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance.
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