Planting Technology of Peach Trees in Alpine Regions

1. Garden choice

It is most appropriate to build a land with sandy loam, deep soil, and good fertility conditions. Choose leeward sunny, drain good sandy soil, avoid heavy-duty land, saline-alkali land and clay land. Don't be on the ground, especially the land that is formerly a stone fruit tree.

2. Variety selection

Peach conservation cultivation, should choose to dormancy period to be cold, fruit development period is short, easy to form flower buds, self-fruiting rate is high, high yield, fruit size, good quality early maturing, very early maturing varieties such as early red beads. Strawberry and watermelon should choose early maturing varieties.

Most peach varieties are self-fruiting, but cross-pollination works better. To ensure the pollination effect, 1 main plant variety can be allocated 1-2 pollination varieties with the same flowering period.

3. Seedling planting

Before planting, according to the designed spacing, dig a 0.5-1m wide, 0.6-0.8m deep planting ditch, and apply enough organic manure 4000-5000kg/667m2 to fully mix the soil fertilizer, backfill practical, and then pour in heavy water.

The spacing of spring greenhouses is 1.83.6 meters, and the spacing of winter greenhouses is 23 meters. The survival rate of planting seedlings before germination was the highest, and it was the best in late March and early April after spring temperature rise. Strawberries were planted in the shed in the year of construction. The row spacing was 1560cm. The watermelon was raised on the 10th of January to prepare for planting.

Second, field management

1. Dry: Immediately after colonization. Covering the mulch: In the first 2-3 weeks after warming, on the basis of the first top-dressing irrigation, cover the mulch when the soil surface is dry. The mulch film is preferably a black mulch film, which can increase the ground temperature and prevent the long grass, thereby ensuring that the ground temperature and temperature in the shed are coordinated and the tree body can grow well. After covering the film, it must gradually warm up, not warming too quickly, so that the tree gradually adapt to the shed environment. Otherwise, it is easy to cause premature tree growth and low fruit setting.

2. Fertilizer management: After the seedlings are planted, they must take care of the soil in time, and scoop the grass several times. In the year of planting, the management of fertilizer and water should be increased. From the beginning of April to the beginning of May, the fast-acting fertilizer should be chased once every half-month or so. Each plant should be applied with about 40-50 g of water, combined with pouring water to promote survival and accelerate growth. Foliar fertilizers such as 0.3% urea and 0.3% KH2PO4 were sprayed once every 10 days or so. In September and October of each year, combined with deep-turning of the soil, a fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, and about 4,000-5,000 kg of organic fertilizer can be applied per 667 m2. In the application of organic fertilizer, can be properly mixed with superphosphate, zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer and other inorganic fertilizers, fertilizing the whole garden once poured water. The strawberry blossoms at the beginning of March and is available in early April. Strawberry can be planted on the market and watermelons can be planted at an interval of 60 cm.

3. Pruning: Pulling branches during growth period is an effective way to control flower growth. When the length of the cutting stick reaches about 50cm, it should be timely litchi and pull branches to open the corners, and timely remove the back shoots and peripheral competition shoots and inner shoots. . In winter, pruning is mainly controlled by the sparse rejection method, and the free-spiral tree is cultivated.

3. Temperature control: The temperature in the greenhouse is mainly regulated by measures such as exposing the grass and opening the switch. Flowering temperature is maintained at 10-20 °C, not higher than 22 °C, not lower than 8 °C at night.

4. Humidity regulation: Peach trees are drought-tolerant eucalyptus species, and sheds should be protected from excessive soil moisture. In the early flowering period, the soil moisture is generally kept at about 65%-85%; during the flowering period, the humidity in the greenhouse should be reduced so that it can be maintained at about 50%; in the late stage of fruit development, the humidity is too high, which will make the shoot long and affect the illumination. Flower bud differentiation, the humidity should be less than 60% during this period. If the humidity is too high, ventilation can be used to adjust the temperature without affecting the temperature requirement. If the humidity is too low, the water in the booth can be increased by timely watering and ground watering.

5. Flowering management: Peach trees lack the opportunity of natural pollination under open conditions. Because the shed is relatively closed, the air flow in the shed is small, and raising the fruit setting rate becomes the key to flower and fruit management. Taking measures such as putting bees in the shed, pollinating artificially, spraying boron during the flowering period, etc., can effectively increase the fruit setting rate of peach trees in sheds. A box of bees (200 heads/carton) can be placed in each shed 2-3 days before flowering of the strawberry or peach trees to pollinate the bees.

6. The fruit thinning technique: 13-18 days after the peaches fall in the shed, the fruit thinning can be carried out. Generally, 16 leaves leave 1 fruit and the fruit spacing is 6-8 cm. Sparse insects, fruit wounds, malformed fruits, and small fruits, and retain more lateral and downward fruit. According to the branch ratio, the long fruiting branch generally leaves 3-4 fruits, the middle fruit branch leaves 2-3 fruits, and the short fruit branch leaves 1-2 fruits. Fruit thinning should be completed within 20 days after flowering. The interplanting watermelon was pruned using the pruning method of the main vine.

7. Pest control: Peach's pests and diseases are relatively light, spray 3-5Be lime sulfur before germination, and quickly spray full-fighting insecticides and fungicides after flowering. Generally, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and imidacloprid are used. Juvenile urea + drowning net, followed by zinc and copper Bordeaux, Antai, etc. alternately sprayed, and added insecticides according to the insect situation, according to weather conditions every 15-20 days spray a drug.

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