Wax-sealed scion grafting is a method used in the branches of deciduous fruit trees and forest trees in spring. This method can greatly improve the survival rate of grafting, and at the same time it can achieve the purpose of saving labor efficiently. However, there are still some problems in production and application, which are summarized as follows for reference. First, the advantages of wax seal scion Grafting from grafted rootstocks generally takes half a month. Within this half-month, the scion not only lacks the moisture and nutrients of the rootstock, but also consumes the original stored nutrients to grow the callus. This is very easy. Drainage hinders graft survival. In order to ensure that the interface and scion do not drain, the method of heap soil was used in the past. That is to say, every time a tree is received, a moist mound is piled. All the grafted parts are encased. After the sprouts of the scion buds are cleared, the mound is promptly opened. For the high-risk fruit trees, because the mound cannot be piled up to the high-risk areas, it is necessary to moisturize with yellow mud, leaves, etc., which will affect the survival of trees when the weather is dry or it rains. The current method is to use a plastic film and then wrap a plastic bag, this method can be moisturizing and more convenient and convenient, but the high temperature and high humidity environment in the plastic bag will often promote the germination of buds, affect the interface healing, to form false Phenomenon, after opening the bag mouth scion often wilted to death. The wax seal scion described in this article is to seal the scion with paraffin to evenly distribute a layer of paraffin on the surface of the scion. After the scion was sealed with wax, the amount of evaporation of water was greatly reduced, but it did not affect the callus growth of the scion wound, and the scion buds could still grow normally. The wax-sealed scion grafting method is applicable to all forest trees and fruit trees. The method of grafting is the same as that of wax-free sealing of the scion, and the wound is then tightly wrapped and tied with a plastic strip. If fruit trees are used for grafting, there will be no false living. If rootstocks and scions are full of vitality, the survival rate can be as high as 99% even with ordinary grafting techniques. Second, the wax seal scion method The industrial paraffin sold in the market is cut into small pieces and placed in containers such as iron pans, aluminum pans or cans, and then heated to melt; the length of the grafts required for grafting is usually 10 to 15 cm. The top leaves full of buds. When the paraffin temperature reaches 100°C to 130°C, hold the scion and place it in the molten paraffin and take it out. Then remove the other 1/2 and put it on the paraffin. Apply a uniform, thin, bright paraffin layer to the entire slurry. Wax seal tools and methods related to the number of scion processing, if the number of scion is small, cans can be used to melt the wax, and then wax by one by one; if the number is large, can be used aluminum melting wax, a treatment of 3 to 5 root scion; There are a large number of scions that can be melted with a wok, put more than a dozen scions in a colander, and then in a melted paraffin wax, so that one person can wax seal more than 10,000 scions a day. Third, do not worry about the problem Farmers often worry about two issues when performing wax seal scioning: First, worry about the high temperature of the wax will scald the scion hot. Tests have shown that the melting temperature of paraffin is between 90°C and 150°C. As long as the waxing time does not exceed 1 second, the scion's viability and callus formation will not be affected. The second concern is whether high-temperature paraffin will affect bud germination. The author made two consecutive wax-sealing tests, that is, the wax was once again wax-sealed, and the paraffin layer was thickened after two wax seals. As a result, the scions were still able to germinate normally, indicating that the germination of the buds was slow, But it will not be affected by paraffin. Fourth, temperature control Wax seal temperature control is best to use a thermometer, but the general farmer does not have a thermometer, and most thermometers can only measure within 100 °C. So people usually add paraffin and water at the same time. After the water is opened, the temperature can be stabilized at 100°C. However, this method can cause explosions when the paraffin is heated by adding water, and the scion can easily be burned after it hits boiling water. Another method is to place the waxed container in a water bath, and when the water in the pan boils, the paraffin in the container has also melted. This method also has its disadvantages. First, the water vapor in the water soluble pan can affect normal operation. Second, the sealing wax temperature is often lower than 100°C. The sealing wax layer is too thick, and cracks are easily generated and fall off. In order to scientifically control the temperature, you can cut a small section of fresh shoots or scion into the wax pot, when the branches emerge small bubbles, indicating that it has reached 100 °C, then change to a small fire, and then begin to wax seal the scion. When paraffin wax temperature rises above 130°C, paraffin begins to emit smoke. If this phenomenon does not occur, and shoots can continue to take small bubbles, it is proved that the temperature is between 100°C and 130°C. This happens to be suitable for wax seal scion. temperature. Five, can not use beeswax instead of paraffin Because many farmers have the habit of beekeeping, some places use beeswax instead of paraffin in the wax seal scion. Others think that the beeswax has a low melting point and will melt easily after heating, and will not harm the scion. The author learned through practice that beeswax is easily melted under strong sunshine conditions and can penetrate into the buds of the scions, which will kill the scion buds that begin to germinate and cause graft failure. Therefore, beeswax cannot be used instead of paraffin wax. 6. Storage after scion wax seal After the scion wax seal has a high surface temperature, the scion must be scattered immediately to lower the temperature, and it cannot be piled together to prevent the scion from being damaged due to the surface temperature not falling in time. The wax seal scion can be used immediately for grafting, but the wax seal scion often has a large amount and is difficult to graft once. Scion that fails to be grafted in time should be stored in a low-temperature, high-humidity cellar and taken with it. There are many local farmers who think that the scion after the wax seal will not lose moisture, so it can be placed in the home. This is wrong. Because at room temperature, the scion is also carrying out life activities, it will reduce the viability, and after the wax seal will still evaporate a small amount of water. In view of the current popularity of rural refrigerators, wax-sealed scions can be stored in plastic bags and stored in refrigerators (0°C to 5°C). In addition, about the winter storage scion, in the end it is stored after the wax seal, or the first storage until the spring before the grafting wax graft problem, I also conducted a test. After a comparison, it was found that the latter is better, because the wax-sealed scion is stored for one winter. Some paraffin layers on the scion will cause cracks and affect the survival rate of grafting.
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