Pharmacological effects 1. Diuretic effect: Lu Xianghua reported that compared with the control group, rats in the 10 mg/kg squid decoction group had a significant increase in the rate of urination and sodium excretion, and the potassium output was similar. At a dose of 20 g/kg, there was a significant increase in urination, sodium excretion, and potassium excretion, but 2.5 or 5 g/kg was not effective. It has also been reported that anesthetized dogs can intravenously inject 0.4% to 1.0 g/kg of 50% of wolfberry flower decoction, which can double the urine volume and maintain it for about 20 minutes. Rats in which ascites were intragastrically injected with 3% sodium chloride solution to administer 10 g/kg of squid-flower preparation or alcohol-infusing agent, all had diuretic effect. Antitussive and expectorant effects: The results of the ammonia-spraying method of coughing test showed that mice were given 1.25 g/kg vinegar to make alcohol and water extracts of quinone flowers and benzene, or 0.625 g/kg hydroxygerberin. Have cough effect. Phenol red excretion experiments showed that mice fed gavage of 5 g/kg vinegar and benzene stilfolic water extract or 0.625 g/kg hydroxygermanin had certain phlegm effect, and its possible mechanism and treatment It is related to the reduction of post-inflammatory inflammation and reduced viscosity of sputum. 3. The role of the central nervous system: According to Xiaoqingci et al., we used 90 Kunming white mice weighing 15-25g, both male and female, randomly divided into groups of 10, divided into 9 groups and dosed according to the doses listed in Table 4. For gastric administration, YsD-4 pharmacological physiology experiment multimeter and electrical stimulation box were used to measure the number of voltages (mv) that caused the mice to scream at different times. The results are shown in Table 4. It showed that the mice had certain analgesic effect after oral administration of 20g/kg single-flavored licorice or wolfberry flower decoction. And the flowers fall on licorice. After combined use with the same dose of the single-taste decoction, the analgesic effect is better than licorice, followed by pods. According to reports by Wei Chengwu et al., the ethanol extract of Sophora japonica was intraperitoneally injected with 500 mg/kg (a synthetic crude drug; the same applies hereinafter). In the hot plate method, potassium barium tartrate method and electric shock method, the mice have significant analgesic effect, and The morphine receptor antagonist naloxone can block its analgesic effect. In the mouse rotarod test, intraperitoneal injection of ethanol extracts of 10 000 mg/kg of Flos Sophorae showed significant sedative effect. In the anti-convulsive test of anti-jostigmata or sodium benzoate, there was significant anticonvulsant effect and anti-convulsive effect of anti-soil. Strong; In addition, thistle can also significantly enhance the anesthetic effect of isome pentobarbital on dogs. 4. The role of the digestive system:. 4.1. Effect on the isolated intestine segment of the animal: Several healthy adult rabbits weighing about 2 kg were used, both male and female, and the jejunum was taken out after acute death. Routine treatment was performed and stored in Tyrode's fluid. In the 20 groups, the results showed that when the drug was in high concentration, the excitatory effect of Flos Sophorae on the intestine was better than that of licorice, and when the concentration was low, the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Rugao also reported that: 50% water decoction, water infusion, and alcohol infusion of 1.8mg (crude drug)/ml oyster blossom and vinegar are used to stimulate the ileum of isolated rabbits, which can increase intestinal peristalsis and tension. Increase, increase the dose shows inhibition. Euphorbia flower and vinegar brewing alcohol infusion can mildly cause diarrhea in rabbits, and besides mild diarrhoea in dogs, there are still emetogenic effects, but no effect on mice. It was also reported that a 1% stimulating oil-like flower can make the rat duodenum tetanic contraction, the rabbit duodenum first excited after inhibition, 10% vinegar and 10% benzene Azalea (combined with benzene to remove oil) has a similar effect. 4.2. Effect on rat intestinal peristalsis: Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by whole-migration propulsion method. After 24 hours of fasting, oral administration of pupa and vinegar was administered (at 40 g/kg). ) At the same time, 5% charcoal was given and the rats were treated after 1 hour. The control group was used to observe the length of the charcoal advancement in the raw and vinegar and vinegar flower groups, and the length of the small intestine of the rats was measured (mm), and the propulsion rate was calculated (in 10 groups). It was shown that the quail peanut product and vinegar vinegar product had mild stimulatory effects on the intestinal peristalsis of rats, which accelerated the peristalsis of the intestine. The length of the charcoal staining of the oyster blossom group was increased by an average of 6.4% compared with the control group; the average of the vinegar flower group was compared with the control group. Increased by 9.7%; indicating that after cultivating vinegar and vinegar, the intestinal peristalsis is stronger than that of the raw product. 5. Anti-fertility effects: In combination with estradiol, Smilax wilfordii has a synergistic effect on isolated rat uterus, a weaker effect on the cervix than the uterus, and no synergistic effect with estradiol. Rabbits were injected with 100 μg/kg of medlar cervix and caused intense contractions. Intravenous injection of ellagitin has the same effect. Intrauterine administration of pregnant monkeys can also cause miscarriage. And the effect of local administration was strengthened, and the intravenous injection reaction was slow or insignificant. Caused by abortion, from the placenta and fetus pathological examination results from the inducing production of alum, the degeneration of villous decidua tissue thrombosis, red blood cell destruction, a large number of neutral polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation under the placental chorionic plate, the Department of drugs Infusion causes inflammatory cell infiltration; blood vessels in fetal organs are significantly dilated and blood stasis; pathological changes such as tissue edema, hemorrhage, and cell swelling are direct effects of the drug on local tissues; decidual cell degeneration and necrosis, and inflammation of the tape Infiltration and edema of the cells may be due to increased secretion of endogenous prostaglandins, resulting in increased contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells, which can achieve induction of labor. From the perspective of cellular ultrastructural function, after administration, it can cause degeneration and necrosis of the decidua and placenta, which causes lysosomal destruction and release of large amounts of phospholipase A, resulting in accelerated synthesis of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the decidua that continues to maintain secretory function. Release prostaglandins. Experiments have shown that intra-abdominal amniotic fluid induces abortion due to the increase in prostaglandin levels and the onset of labor. This further demonstrates that endogenous prostaglandins play an important role in the mechanism of inducing production of Smilax china. In the induction of labor can be observed in HCG (Hypocrine gonadotropin), estradiol and estriol are decreased, indicating that the drug has some damage to placental tissue, progesterone levels decline, is conducive to contractions start, may be caused by abortion The auxiliary factor. Another study showed that alfalfa (20 μg/ml) had a certain inhibitory effect on the synthesis of mouse embryonic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Injected into the amniotic cavity of pregnant rabbits with 3H-diaphorine injection, the amniotic fluid, placenta and fetal radioactivity were the strongest within 48 hours, the maternal blood and internal organs were very weak, and the urinary excretion in 72 hours was only 9.1% of the injected amount. Clinical induction of intrauterine administration is safer. 6. Inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase (XO): In 1983, Noro, Tacataka, etc. looked for XO inhibitors from crude drugs and botanical drugs, and found that the flowers and buds of thistle flower had a strong inhibitory effect on XO, and from The four components that inhibited XO were isolated from clerodin, apigenin, 3-hydroxygermanin and luteolin. Their inhibitory activities IC50 were 7×10(-5)M and 7.4×10(-), respectively. 7) M, 10-5 M and 5.9 X 10 (-7) M. Apigenin and luteolin are the strongest inhibitors of XO. These flavonoids did not show strong inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase under the test conditions. 7. Anti-leukemia effect: Hall IH and Noro T et al. isolated two potent anti-P-388 lymphocytic leukemia diterpene compounds, Smilax lindeninum and Achillea spp., from methanol extracts from the flower buds. Both at the low dose (0.8mg/kg) in vivo showed strong inhibitory activity with T/C values ​​of 175% and 151%, respectively. Studies have also shown that S. fragrans and scutellarin can inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in P-388 cancer cells, and the inhibition of the former is phosphoribosyl aminotransferase, which is a DNA polymerase and purine synthesis. Adenylate dehydrogenase and dihydrofolate reductase; the latter inhibits the reaction with the interfering peptidyltransferase during the extension step. 8. Antimicrobial effect: In vitro test 1:50 concentration of vinegar made from vinegar and phenyl scopolamine water extract had inhibitory effects on pneumococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, and influenza. Aqueous extract (1:4) has inhibitory effects on dermatophytes such as H. lanuginosa, s. And geranium has no antibacterial effect. 9. Other effects: The methanol extract of Sophora japonica has inhibitory activity against cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), and three compounds are isolated from it, one of which is a strong inhibitor of PDE active ingredient, and is initially identified as apigenin diglucoside ( Apigenin diglycoside). The quadriceps stimulation test has shown that 5 mg, 0.5 ml of decanoside alcohol solution has severe local irritation. 10. In addition, alfalfa flowers and alfalfa flowers still have the following pharmacological effects:. 10.1 Effect on the cardiovascular system:. 10.1.1. Effect on isolated guinea pig hearts: Eight guinea pigs weighing 350-600 g were taken. After being sacrificed, the heart was quickly removed. According to the Langendorff's method, the temperature was 70°C at 37°C. Perfuse the heart. After about 15 minutes until the heart activity and flow rate are stable, the concentration of the extract of the lotus flower leaf extract is increased to 0.6 g/100 ml (crude drug content, the same below) in the perfusate to observe coronary flow and heart rate changes. The results showed that the alfalfa leaves had a significant increase in coronary flow, but the heart rate did not change significantly. 10.1.2. Effect on isolated frog hearts: Isolated frog hearts were prepared according to Straub isolated frog heart perfusion method. The experimental animals were five frog hearts of each group of frogs, and were divided into 20 groups for experiments. The average value of the curve and comparison shows that 0.31-5% of the decoction decoction at high concentrations of the isolated frog heart contraction force and frequency showed significant inhibition, low concentrations when the inhibition is weak or not obvious. 10.1.3. Effect on Acute Hypoxia Tolerance in Mice Thirty healthy mice weighing 20-28 g were selected and divided into two groups by gender and body weight. Each mouse received subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol 10 mg/kg. The rats in the administration group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.05 g/kg of alum buds, and the control group was injected with saline of the same volume. Thirty minutes later, one mouse and one control mouse with the same sex and similar body weight were selected, and the matched pair was placed in a closed container containing 10 g of sodium lime, and the average survival time of mice in the administration group was observed to be 877.9±33.0. In seconds, the survival time of the control mice was 715±32.3 seconds. The T value test showed very significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01). 10.1.4. Effect of coronary artery ligation on serum creatine kinase (CPK) in cats Cats weighing 2.0 to 3.8 kg, both male and female, are immobilized intraperitoneally with pentobarbital, placed in ventral position, and intubated with an artificial respirator. A mercury pressure gauge records left carotid artery blood pressure. Open the chest and expose the heart. Put a thread from the coronary artery origin 12-14mm under the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. When the blood pressure stabilizes, ligate the descending branch. After administration of the coronary artery, the cats in the administration group were immediately injected with 0.75 g/kg of locust bud injection through the femoral vein and supplemented with a constant flow pump at a rate of 0.375 g/kg/h within the next 5 hours. The control group was given The same volume of saline. Five minutes before coronary artery ligation and within five hours after ligation, 1 ml of blood was taken from the left common carotid artery at each h to determine serum creatine kinase (CPK) activity. Serum CPK activity could be caused by considering skeletal muscle injury caused by surgery. Increase, and then set a blank group, this group of cats only in the left anterior descending coronary artery under a thread, without ligation, femoral vein injection of the same volume of saline, all other surgical procedures are the same with the above two groups, for the first time Blood was taken 5 minutes before threading, and the interval between blood sampling was the same as the above two groups. It was determined that serum CPK activity in the three groups of cats was stronger than that before coronary artery ligation or before myocardial threading in the five hours, but the degree was different. Among them, the CPK activity of the control cats was the most obvious. Since all the surgical procedures of the control group and the blank group were the same, the difference between the two groups could be considered as the result of ligating the coronary artery. The coronary artery was ligated to the control group and the administration group, so the latter two groups The difference is caused by drugs. 10.1.5. Acute hypotensive effect on anesthetized cats and impact on heart rate Six anesthetized cats, weighing 2.0-2.0 kg, and femoral vein injection 1 g/kg 1 g/kg, about 1 minute after blood pressure was 116.2±7 mmHg rapidly It decreased to 65.8±6.1mmHg, decreased by 43.5±3.0%, and the antihypertensive effect lasted for about 2 minutes. Two of the cats were re-injected after cutting the bilateral vagus nerve. There was no significant effect on the antihypertensive effect. Another 3 cats after intravenous injection of atropine lmg/kg, and then injected into the pods, the antihypertensive effect is slightly weakened. Based on this analysis, the hypotensive mechanism may not be mainly through the vagus nerve. The heart rate of the cat did not change significantly within 10 minutes, and no abnormal heart rhythm was observed. 10.2. Coronary artery dilatation: One hundred thousandth of astragaloside solution is perfused in isolated hearts of intestine mice and has a significant expansion effect. The titer is slightly lower than that of diketoxytin. 10.3. Toxic fish effects: Aqueous solution of Astragaloside B can kill goldfish within 30 minutes, which is similar to that of Khellin-like furanochromanone. Hard Capsule,Acne Remove Capsule,Skin Lighten Capsule,Anti-Inflammatory Capsule Guangzhou Etechange Biological Engineering Co.,Ltd. , https://www.etechange.com