Effects of open field experiment and Morris water maze on emotional behavior and learning and memory in rats

1 . 2 . 2 open field test (OFT) Model: XR-XZ301 (developed by Shanghai Xinsoft Information Technology Co., Ltd.) divides the bottom of a 60 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm topless wooden box into 36 In a small square , the rats that completed 10 convulsions were placed in the center of the bottom of the wooden box , and the scores of the number of grids in which the rats were active within 5 minutes , the number of hindlimb standings, and the number of grains discharged from the feces were recorded . The scoring criteria are : 1 / 2 of the rats enter the adjacent square with 1 point , and the hind limbs stand for 1 point , which is the total score. Studies suggest that the number of lattice points after the move reflects

1.2.. 3 passive avoidance test (passive avoidance test, PAT) 　 The SF K2 Type I avoidance test box (made in Japan ) has two chambers , both clear and dark , with small gates in between ; the darkness habits allow the rats to instinctively choose to enter the darkroom , and the rats entering the darkroom are immediately subjected to electric shock (3 mA, 50 Hz). ) passively escaped to the safe Ming room. After 5 minutes without entering the darkroom, it was considered that the study was completed , and the number of times the rats erroneously entered the dark room before completing the learning after 10 times of febrile seizures was recorded , mainly reflecting the ability of the rats to learn recently ; 24 h

1 . 2 . 4 　 Morris water maze test (MWM T) 　 Morris water maze model: XR-XM101 (developed by Shanghai Xinsoft Information Technology Co., Ltd.) consists of a circular pool ( diameter 130 cm, height 50 cm) , camera and operational analysis system ( microcomputer and software ) . The circular water surface is divided into four quadrants by two imaginary vertical lines of the center of the circle . The rats were allowed to swim freely for 2 min in the pool the day before the test to familiarize themselves with the environment. The test time was 5.4 d, and a circular transparent platform ( 10 cm in diameter and 28 in height) was placed in the middle water of one of the quadrants.

1.3 Statistical processing All measurement data are expressed as ... x ± s . The analysis of variance was carried out according to the nature of the data , and the test level was α = 0.05 .

2 results

2.1 febrile convulsions FS group where all of the heat-induced seizures, seizures were induced by 120 times, no death. The number ( and percentage ) of convulsions at 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , and 1 were 89 (74. 0%) , 5 (4.6%) , 20 (16.5 %) , and 4 (3.5%) , respectively . 2 (1.4%) times ; the latency of convulsion occurred was (4.22 ± 0.76) min; the duration of convulsion was (1.0 ± 0. 53) min .

2.2 changing FS in the open field test rats wear grid emotional behavior score score (37. 48 ± 7. 09 ) the minimum number, the hind legs of the stand (12. 11 ± 4. 41 ) at least, within 5 min The number of faeces discharged (10. 62 ± 2.32) was the most ; the FS group was in the wearer score compared with the N G and F G groups (q = 4.72, 4.18; P < 0.01) , hind limb standing. The number of times (q = 5.12, 4.85; P < 0.01) and the number of discharged fecal pellets (q = 5.33, 5.02; P < 0.01) were very significant. In addition , the discharge of feces

2.3 avoidance test, learning and FS rats memories while the extent Society mistakes number (4. 02 ± 1. 29 ) up, with the N G, F G group was statistically significant (q difference compared = 6. 2 4 , 5 . 3 1 ; P<0 . 01) . After 24 h , the memory latency of the FS group (169.71 ± 103.22) was the shortest , and the difference was significant compared with the N G and F G groups (q = 5.9, 5.28; P < 0.01) . The results show that repeated episodes of febrile seizures can impair the ability of rats to learn and remember for a short time

twenty four 　 Changes in FS group Morris water maze test of spatial learning ability of rats in the Morris water maze ability to find hidden platform, the performance of escape latency was significantly prolonged, suggesting recurrent febrile seizures can damage the rat spatial learning ability; analysis of variance showed FS The difference between the group and the N G and F G groups in the escape latency was very significant ( F = 152 . 46 , P < 0.01).

3 Discussion

Febrile seizures are one of the most common emergencies in pediatrics , with sudden and severe clinical manifestations that have adverse effects on family members and society. Whether thermal convulsions can affect children's emotional behavior and learning in the future

3.1 febrile seizures in this scientific experimental animal model using a hot water bath method to establish febrile seizures and labware model to transform the entire febrile seizures rats induced by different levels of seizures, previously reported in the literature rats The situation of easy death is improved. The improvement of the experimental apparatus ( the glass cylinder with an empty bottom ) also makes it difficult for the rat's feces to be discharged into the water bath , thus ensuring the cleanliness of the experimental operation. Establishing a thermal convulsion model compared to other models is an ideal

. 2 3 affect febrile seizures emotional behavior, learning and memory This study found that the excitability decreased FS rats in open field test, the ability to adapt to new environments reduced, while intense adverse reactions prone; passive avoidance test results It is indicated that repeated episodes of febrile seizures can reduce the ability of short-term learning and memory in rats. The Morris water maze is an ideal device designed by the British psychologist Morris to reflect the spatial learning and memory of small rodents . It can be used as a comparative study of disease or stress damage to human learning and memory. The escape latency of the rats in the FS group was significantly prolonged in the Morris water maze , reflecting the impairment of spatial learning ability in rats. These results suggest that recurrent febrile seizures can lead to emotional behavior in rats and impaired learning and memory, and is similar to previous studies.

3. 3 The possible mechanism of febrile seizures affecting emotional behavior and learning and memory The mechanism of recurrent febrile seizures leading to emotional behavior and impaired learning and memory in rats is unknown. Previous studies have found that recurrent febrile seizures can lead to pathological changes in the structure of the hippocampus , including neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the hippocampus, synaptic morphological changes ( abnormal widening of the synaptic cleft ) , and abnormal moss-like fibrosis in the hippocampus (mossy fibresp). Routing), and the resulting abnormal synaptic connections, NMDA (N2 methyl 2D aspartate ) receptor distribution abnormalities and signal transduction pathways are closely related to learning and memory . The hippocampal structure belongs to the paleo-cortex and is an important part of the limbic system. The loops composed of hippocampus and prethalamic nucleus, plate core group, hypothalamic papillary tract, and cingulate are regulating behavior, learning and memory, and emotional response.

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