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First, the physiological characteristics of suckling piglets
1, poor body temperature regulation, action is not flexible. The performance of cold, easy to freeze and freeze to death, easily crushed, trampled to death.
2, no innate immunity, easy to get sick. Piglets can acquire antibodies only by eating colostrum and are limited by time. They have the highest ability to absorb colostrum antibodies within 2 hours after birth, and their ability to absorb is weakened later. So piglets should eat colostrum early and eat colostrum
3, underdeveloped digestive organs, imperfect digestive function. Newborn pigs have small digestive tracts and weight. The stomach weight is only 4 to 5 grams, and the stomach volume is 25 to 40 milliliters. In the first 20 days, there is only rennet in the stomach, lack of free hydrochloric acid, low pepsin content, no activity, and can not digest proteins, especially plant proteins. The digestion of milk protein mainly depends on the small intestine. The ability of the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid is increasing from 35 to 40 days. Lack of hydrochloric acid during lactation is the root cause of piglets' diarrhoea.
4, rapid growth and development, 10 days of age when the weight of more than 2 times at birth, 30 days of age 5 to 6 times, 60 days of age increased by 10 to 13 times or more.
Second, nursing care of newborn piglets Piglet birth is a sudden change in its life history, but also due to imperfect physiological function, formed a very prominent contradiction, a little feeding and management is inappropriate, poor care, it is prone to death. According to statistics, more than 93% of the piglets died in the first month, and nearly 56% of the piglets died in the first year of life. The cause of death is cold death, crushed death, starvation, pneumonia and diarrhea. Therefore, doing a good job of nursing newborn piglets is the key to raising the survival rate of piglets.
1, eat colostrum early, fixed nipples. Early to eat colostrum piglets can get immunity early, get rich nutrition, body heat as soon as possible to increase the ability of cold resistance, while promoting the excretion of the feces, but also have a good effect on the activities of the digestive organs. It is also a measure to increase the uniformity of body weight. After giving birth, the piglet should try to eat colostrum and eat colostrum as early as possible. While eating colostrum, the teat is fixed at the same time, the weak frontal teat, the strong back teat, and the piglet have the habit of grabbing the teat. In this short feeding time, if the teat is not fixed, the piglets must seize the teat. Bite, grab the weak food, bite the teat, the skin of the breast, interfere with the normal sow feeding or refuse breastfeeding. Once the teat is fixed it will not change until weaning.
2. Insulation and pressure prevention: Insulation is extremely important for newborn piglets and has not been given much attention in the past. The first unpleasant stimulus after the birth of a piglet is temperature. Since the piglets have poor body temperature regulation ability before 7 days old, they cannot withstand cold temperatures. Unpleasant stimuli, becoming cold and lazy, crowding into each other, body curling, loss of appetite, reluctance to eat colostrum. The result of eating less colostrum is that the piglets lack the immune antibodies obtained from breast milk and it is difficult to resist the invasion of the disease. The low temperature and cold environment will damage the immune function of the piglets, reduce the ability of piglets to accept the migration antibodies of sows, and reduce or lose the ability to resist viruses and germs. . In Zhangpu, about 12 months, 1 month, and 2 months of the year, the piglets will not need to be heated during the other months when they need to heat and heat the piglets. The method of keeping piglets warm is to create a warming bar. Because the ambient temperature conditions required for sows and piglets are contradictory, the suitable temperature for the first day of the piglet is 35°C, and the sow is required to be between 15 and 20°C. The solution is to provide piglets with a local insulation environment. The insulation bar can be built inside or outside the sow bar. The size of the bar is 0.48 to 0.56 square meters, and the three cement blocks can be high. A 15 cm wide and 8 cm wide mouth is provided for the sow bar and the sow bar for piglets to go in and out. The insulation bar is covered with a draft. The top of the bar is covered with wood or sacks to increase the temperature inside the bar. When the cold is used, the lamp is used, and the infrared lamp is used. Heat insulation. Insulation time is generally about 7 days, winter temperature pivot can be extended to 15 to 20 days of discretion, after the body temperature regulation center function is perfect, no need to keep warm, clean the insulation bar after 7 days. The piglets are fed in the holding column. Give the pig a habit of resting in the insulation bar. In this way, the piglet will not be crushed or trampled by the sow.
3, make up the nest: Sometimes sows have fewer calving heads, need to fill in the same age piglets. Care should be taken when filling the nest: 1 The production period of two litter piglets should be similar, preferably not more than 3 to 4 days, similar to the weight of piglets. 2 The litter of piglets must eat colostrum before filling the nest. 3In order to prevent the sow from biting the replenishing piglet, the sow's placenta may be used to make up the nest, and the litter may be rubbed by the milk. The two litter piglets may also be mixed together and contacted with each other at regular time or sprayed with alcohol or vinegar to disturb the sow. The sense of smell makes it impossible to discern piglets. The time to make a nest is best done at night. Care must be taken when starting a replenishment to avoid accidents.
4. Iron supplementation: Iron is an important raw material for synthetic hemoglobin, myalin and various oxidases. Iron deficiency anemia occurs in pigs with iron deficiency. The amount of iron stored in newborn piglets is only about 50 milligrams. Because the growth of suckling piglets requires about 7 milligrams of iron per day, and less than 1 milligram of iron is obtained from breast milk every day, the body stores iron for only 1 week. Iron deficiency anemia in piglets shows reduced appetite, indigestion, and diarrhea. Therefore, timely iron supplementation to piglets is an important measure to promote growth of piglets and enhance resistance to disease. Iron supplements to piglets include oral administration of ferrous sulfate, intramuscular injection of iron-cobalt needles, rich blood, and blood stasis. However, the most effective, easiest, and cheapest method is to prime blood serum. Lactin is a new and efficient iron supplement. Each milliliter contains 150 mg of iron for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in piglets. The use of blood serum, piglets 2 to 3 days after birth, with a 7-gauge intramuscular injection of 1 ml in the inner thigh, be careful not to increase the dosage arbitrarily, otherwise, excessive will inhibit the intestinal other trace elements such as zinc, magnesium Absorption, resulting in zinc deficiency, not only reduces the immune function of piglets, increases the susceptibility of piglets to bacteria, but also leads to the lack of vitamin E and selenium, but also causes indigestion of piglets. Recently, Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry has successfully developed an oral “rich-blooded†iron supplement. According to the test report, using this iron supplement compared with the blank control group not only prevents iron deficiency anemia in piglets, but also prevents yellow and white diarrhea. Significantly effective, but also can promote growth, the average daily gain increased by 59.1%, and synergy with the use of blood. The usage of this iron supplement was fed continuously from 2 ml to 5 days old starting from 5 days of age. It is also possible to use "rich iron force" to supplement iron with selenium, and use piglets to inject 1 ml deep inside the thigh on the 3rd to 4th days after birth.
5, fed enough water, newborn piglet began drinking behavior 3 days of age, then to feed drinking water, so as not to thirsty, sloppy drinking water, urine and disease.
Third, feeding and management of suckling piglets
1. Feeding feeds earlier: The growth of piglets during lactation is rapid and the demand for nutrients is high. After the sow’s milk reaches a peak around 21 days of age, it gradually declines. Breast milk alone cannot meet the growth and development of piglets. Needed, if not fed early, it will seriously affect the growth and development of piglets, early feeding can also exercise the digestive organs and function of piglets, promote gastrointestinal development, prevent diarrhea, shorten the transition period to adult pig feed adaptation period, Lay the foundation for weaning. Through early feeding piglets, 60-day-old weaned litter weight, litter feed intake, feed utilization, and economic efficiency all improved significantly.
Piglets start to seduce for 7 to 10 days, and 12 to 14 days for feeding. Because at this time the piglets have grown up. Like to bite hard things, with obvious feeding behavior, more lure methods, some give fried yellow crispy corn, rice or sorghum grain, tempting open food, and some boiled with flour into a paste or a little Condiment such as salt or sugar or monosodium glutamate is stuffed in the mouth of piglets. Some use granular sucker material sprinkled in the insulation bar and in the sow bar. As the sow learns to eat, the protein level of the attractant before 25 days old may not be too high, because the piglets in the lure stage digest and absorb the feed protein. Ability is weak.
The time of attracting the food, from 9am to 3pm, is the most active time for piglets. During this period, the most effective food attraction is, especially in the morning from 9 to 10 hours. Piglets will eat after 5-7 days of lure-feeding. Addicted, about 15 days of age will feel bad to eat.
2. Supply of full-price suckling pig material: After early sucking training, piglets can feed better before and after 20 days of age. At this time, if the general attracting material is still used, the piglets can no longer satisfy the protein and other nutrients. From the time that the piglet can start to properly identify the material, it is necessary to gradually transition to the full price of the suckling pig. The requirement for self-mixed materials is high energy and high. Protein, nutrition, full price, good palatability, easy to digest, digestible energy per kilogram of feed should be more than 3.2 mega cards, crude protein 19 to 22%, lysine 0.8 to 1%, calcium 1%, phosphorus 0.6%, piglets most Good supplements for wet and dry materials, feeding dry and wet foods are increased by 20.9% compared with feeding congee materials, because the dry matter of thinner materials and clinker is relatively reduced, diluting the digestive juices and affecting digestion.
3. Care for piglets in a timely manner to prevent and cure diseases: After the birth of piglets, the piglets cannot bear the disease and die due to the imperfections of their own physiological functions and environmental stress. Only careful care and timely prevention and treatment of various diseases can improve the survival rate and weight of piglets.
(1) For weak piglets, piglets who tremble with body tremors, on the first day of each peritoneal injection of 10 ml of 10% glucose plus 50,000 units of streptomycin in order to enhance the constitution of the piglets, to prevent the sun. Injection site: Ask the person to do a good job of lifting the two legs up so that the intestines can sink. The needle insertion site is 3 to 5 cm below the anterior edge of the phalanx and the side of the ventral midline, with the needle attached to the syringe vertically inserted into the abdominal cavity. Pay attention to the disinfection of the injection site.
(2) Measures to prevent the yellow and white piglets of piglets, yellow and white piglets of piglets are frequently occurring and frequently occurring in suckling piglets, and piglets develop jaundice 1 to 3 days after birth. 3 to 10 days of age occurs. Yellow and white piglets are a conditional infectious disease caused by E. coli. The causes of the disease are: 1 climate change caused by piglets caused by colds and colds; 2 environmental hygiene is more dirty; 3 sows fed too well, feed fat content is too much, resulting in excessive breast milk fat content, excessive milk, due to Insufficient drinking of piglets or drinking dirty water; 4 sows are too thin, milk production is low, piglets are hungry; and so on.
Prevention of piglets squatting:
A. Sow pre-injection bacterin. Escherichia coli diarrhea trivalent (K88, K99, 987P) inactivated vaccine. Produced by Guangxi Veterinary Biological Products Factory, injected intramuscularly 40 days before and 15 days before sow's expected date of production, with 2 ml per sow; yellow and white piglets were genetically engineered to freeze-dried seedlings of live bacteria, and Jiangxi biological drugs were produced before sows were born. Feed 1 head per head for 20-25 days, dilute it with cold boiled water, add 2g baking soda, and mix with a little feed;
B, drug prevention. Commonly used drugs and usages are: 1 When the piglet is 5 days old, oxytetracycline can be used in drinking water, and Triterpine can be used for sows and piglets. 2 After piglets are 10 days old, adding 0.01% oxytetracycline or 0.01% olaquindox to the piglet's diet can both prevent and control the growth of piglets. 3 The roasted yellow wine crushed into the piglet material, plus a certain amount of sulfaquinone or furazolidone, the prevention effect is also very good.
C. Compound fluocolic acid suspension containing 3 mg of flunonic acid per milliliter. Before the piglet eats colostrum, 0.5 ml of the liquid is injected into the oral cavity with a syringe.
D. Strengthen sow's feeding management and health care, and do a good job in environmental sanitation and sterilization inside and outside the barn.
The treatment of jaundice is detailed in the prevention and treatment of swine disease.
(3) immunization. Sows that have been injected with attenuated vaccine against swine fever can obtain immune antibodies against swine fever from their mother's milk after they are born. These antibodies can protect piglets from the risk of swine poisoning within 21 days of age. After 21 days of age, due to the gradual decline in antibody levels, the piglets did not have the ability to resist the swine fever virus. Therefore, piglets must be given a swine prophylaxis at 20 to 25 days after birth. After this needle is hit, the immunity can be maintained until the piglet is 60 to 70 days old. Afterwards, the antibody level gradually decreases and disappears. When the piglet is 60 to 70 days old, it is necessary to make a second shot of the swine fever prevention needle. After the vaccination, the piglet has been raised until the big pigs are slaughtered and there is no need to beat the swine fever prevention needle. The pig will not suffer from swine fever.
The second section of the weaning piglet's breeding techniques from weaning to weighing 50 pounds is the stage of weaning piglets. Weaning is the second major change in living conditions during the pig's life. It is completely independent of the sow's transitional moss. At this time, the piglets are still in a period of strong growth and development, which is the stage of accelerating the division of bones and muscles. The digestive function and resistance are still not fully developed. If the piglets are improperly reared and managed, the growth of the piglets may be arrested, and the piglets may even be formed. Illness and death. Therefore, this is another crucial period for raising piglets.
First, early weaned piglets should be weaned at 35 days of age, and traditional methods for weaning at 50-60 days are very unscientific. Weaning too late not only prolongs the lactation period of sows, reduces the reproductive rate of sows, but also interferes with the secretion of pancreatic lipase from piglets, which affects the digestion and absorption of fat by piglets, thereby hindering the growth of piglets and early weaning at 35 days. Sows are good for piglets. In many practical tasks, early feeding of piglets was done well. The effect of weaning at 35 days was the best.
Second, castration in 15 to 20 days of age cut boar, aunt sowing in 30 to 40 days more appropriate.
Third, the feeding technology of weaned piglets 15 days after weaning piglets, due to sudden changes in living conditions are often uneasy, loss of appetite, weight gain is slow, and even weight loss or illness, diarrhea, diarrhea, indigestion, especially during lactation After the start of the night, the piglets with less feed are more obvious, weaned weaned pigs, and weaned pigs have to pass the weaning pass to achieve "two maintenances, three excesses" in the feed, feed system, and living environment: that is, maintaining the original bar and maintaining the original feed. Breeding, and gradually improve the feed, feeding system and environmental transition.
1. Maintain the original bar rearing: When the piglet is weaned, drive the sow away and keep the piglet in the original bar, which can reduce the anxiety caused by environmental conditions.
2, to maintain the original feed used for feeding: that is, after the piglet weaning, still maintain the lactation of the feed, will not cause nutritional changes due to weaning and inadequate.
3. Feed transition: After weaning the piglets, after maintaining the raw materials for feeding for half a month, some feeds can be gradually added, gradually transferring from the suckling pigs to piglets.
4. The transition of the feeding system: In the half-weaning period, try to use the feed system of the original suckling piglets, feed 4 to 5 meals a day, add one meal at a time, eat freely in the feeding room, and move freely. Sachet and other spices, processing, and gradually transition moss feed 3 meals a day. Feed wet and dry feed.
5. Transition of living conditions: Within one month after weaning, the piglets still maintain good living conditions during the lactation period. The inside of the pen is clean and dry, the ventilation and cooling in the summer and the cold insulation in the winter, and the piglets are gradually trained to excrete urine in the stadium.
IV. Measures to promote the growth and development of weaned pigs Pigs have great potential for growth. The effects of factors such as feeding and management, disease, etc., often cannot be fully exerted, and some may even form stiff pigs. To fully exploit the growth potential of weaned piglets, comprehensive technical measures can be used.
1, feed the full price of piglets and compound feed.
2. Increase antibiotics and chemical substances: such as oxytetracycline, bacitracin zinc, olaquindox, etc., add 5-6 grams per 1000 kg of feed, double the treatment volume. Mix well into feed and feed.
3. Add trace elements and vitamins for every 100 kg of feed (40 g of ferrous sulphate, 35 g of zinc sulfate, 1 g of manganese sulfate, 2 g of copper sulfate, 0.018 g of potassium iodide, 921.98 g of bone powder or stone powder, total 1 kg) Trace elements 1%, uniformly mixed into the milk feed. Pigs use compound vitamins according to product instructions.
4. Add amino acids, add lysine 0.1-0.3% or lysine 0.05-0.15% or methionine 0.05-0.15%, mix evenly in feed and feed.
V. Prevention measures for piglet weaning syndrome At present, there are a large number of weaned piglets that suffer from loss of appetite, indigestion, diarrhea, diarrhea, slow growth, low feed utilization rate, decreased disease resistance, and poor spirits. Syndrome. The occurrence of weaning syndrome and the influence of weaned pigs on immune stress and digestive enzymes during weaning, measures to prevent weaned piglet syndrome:
1. Appropriately reduce the amount of protein in weaned piglets, pay attention to the complement and balance of amino acids. Such as the use of commercial pig feed, piglet material can be added in their feed 10 to 20% of the corn flour, generally 35 days of weaning from the day of weaning with 20% of the piglet feed 10 to 15 days, if the 45th When weaned, 10% corn flour is fed for 10 days. If the weight of weaning is above 20 pounds, and the weaning age is more than 39 days, the crude protein of feed can be 18%. The crude protein can be slightly reduced after 10 days of weaning. About 20%, but to calculate the content of amino acids, if the amino acid balance 16% of crude protein can play a 20% effect.
2, as little as possible with alkaline feed, do not use soda to feed weaned piglets, with calcium phosphate instead of stone powder as a source of calcium, replace some of the fish meal with peanut bran.
3. Add 1% citric acid to the piglet feed or 1% citric acid to the piglet's drinking water or 1.5% fumarate to the feed.
VI. Prevention of stiff pigs The stiff pigs did not eat long and caused great losses to pig production. The reasons for the formation of stiff pigs are as follows: 1 Fetal stiffness: Due to lack of nutrition in the gestation period of the sow, the aging of the sows and sows or the early mating of the sows results in poor growth and development of the piglets during the embryonic period, light birth weight, and low viability. 2 milk stiffness: lactation sows lack of feed, lack of protein, feed nutrition levels can not meet the need for lactation, resulting in very low lactation milk, poor milk quality. Because the piglets did not eat colostrum, eat enough regular milk, and the feed was not timely, the growth and development of the piglets during the lactation phase was hindered by the slow growth. 3 sickness: piglets in the lactation stage, diarrhea, gasping, acute and chronic gastroenteritis, influenza and other diseases, poor treatment, long-term failure to recover, seriously affecting the normal growth and development of piglets. 4 Insect zombies: Piglets have long been affected by aphids, ginger flukes, cockroaches, lice and other parasites, which consume nutrients and cause stiffness.
The reasons for the formation of stiff pigs are interrelated. To prevent the production of stiff pigs, comprehensive measures must be taken:
1. Strengthen the feeding and management of sows during pregnancy and lactation to ensure the supply of various types of nutrients, so that the piglets are well-developed and can eat enough milk the day after tomorrow.
2, do a good job piglet production, body scrub, insulation and other care and early induction, feeding, to ensure the quality of piglets material to meet the nutritional needs of piglets rapid growth and development, so that piglets lively and robust.
3, do a good job in the sheds, so that the sheds are warm, clean, fresh air, and sunny. As many pigs as possible bask in the sun and go to the playground.
4, timely removal of piglets in vitro and in vivo parasites and to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as white piglets. Early detection and early treatment of diseased pigs should be taken in a timely manner. Avoid repeated infections. Minimize the duration of the disease.
Treatment of stiff pigs must be treated symptomatically to eradicate the cause. Treatment measures include:
1. Infertile people use vitamin B1100 mg, plus vitamin B12500 micrograms injection, intramuscular injection twice every 7 days. It is also advisable to take 25 grams of herb, pine needles, and oriental arborvitae leaves, dried and crushed, and feed the pigs with spices. The needle can also be used to take 100 to 500 milliliters of blood from a healthy pig, and then enter the body of a pig with intravenous infusion. Within 3 to 5 days, the spirit improves, food intake increases, and weight gain increases.
2. Insecticide removal: Insect repellents can be selected from levamisole, trichlorfon, quercitrin, etc. The dosage is 8 to 10 milligrams per kilogram, 0.1 to 0.13 grams and 0.29 grams, dissolved in warm water, and mixed in. A small amount of concentrate was fed and feed was fed one hour later. For ectoparasites, 1 to 1.5% trichlorfon solution was used to scrub or spray the pigs once a day for 2 to 3 times. Can also eliminate the clear, according to instructions.
3, Jianwei: The majority of stiff pigs poor digestion function, should always feed some rhubarb soda tablets, artificial salt and other stomachic agents. Dosage: Use 1 to 0.5 grams per 10 kilograms of body weight, once a week, feed 3 to 4 times.
4. Increase nutrition: Feed high-quality digestible feedstuffs for stiff pigs. The digestion energy per kilogram of mix should not be lower than 3.1 megakass and crude protein is 18%. The following diet formulas can be used: corn 30%, broken rice 12 %, rice flour 15%, wheat bran 15%, peanut cake 15%, soybean 5%, light fish meal 6.8%, bone meal 1%, salt 0.1%. Daily supplement of terramycin 25 to 30 mg, lysine 2 to 3 grams, and a small amount of young green feed.
5, add growth promoters: 1 antibacterial agent: available oxytetracycline, gold mold micro, olaquindox, Bacitracin zinc, add 50 grams per ton of feed, 2 mineral trace elements additives: 10 to 20 kg of piglets to add ore The substance trace element additive is 1% of the diet. The additive formula is 10 kg of additive containing 109.6 g of ferrous sulfate, 97.96 g of zinc sulfate, 3.45 g of manganese sulfate, 91.69 g of magnesium sulfate, 6.54 g of copper sulfate, and 9.76 kg of calcium carbonate as a carrier. 1% of food use.
Section 1 Nursing Suckling Piglets Suckling piglets refer to piglets born during the first weaning (5 weeks of age). At this stage, the piglet mainly obtains nutrients from breast milk, which is divided into feeding period and lactation period. From birth to 2 days of age is the period of feeding. Feeding piglets undergo aquatic and terrestrial activities, constant temperature to warming, never breathing, gasping, feeding to milk, digestion, absorption, sterility, bacteria, etc.; stressful growth. According to statistics, 14% of deaths on the first day after birth accounted for 14% of deaths after 21 days of birth. The following day was as high as 22%. During the feeding period, the piglets were looking for teats, grabbed teats, fixed teats, and established stable mothers, between the siblings. The relationship phase. The lactation period ranges from 3 to 35 days. This stage is dominated by regular milk and physiologically a gradual process. To raise a good suckling piglet first needs to understand the physiological characteristics of lactating piglets and take appropriate technical measures.