First, use high quality varieties
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To improve the quality of millet, we must first adopt high-quality varieties. At present, the high-quality varieties promoted in the Mid-Southern Xiagu District include Lugu 19, Lugu 31, Xiaoxiangmi, Jingu No. 5, Lugu Gu No. 4, Baogu No. 18, and Yugu Gu No. 18. The quality millet varieties have the following characteristics:
1. Eating quality. The taste quality is the most important indicator of millet quality, and it is also an index that consumers value most. High-quality varieties Soft texture, lubricity, fragrant flavor, water and rice blending, thick and thick rice broth, rejuvenation after cooling, lighter, poor quality, rough texture, poor aroma, hard-hearted taste, separation of water and rice, clear rice dumplings窒竺飨 Bath 6 嗥 滞 ? 苯 冉 冉 冉 冉 冉 冉 髌 髌 髌 髌 髌 髌 髌 嗤 嗤 嗤 嗤 嗤 嗤 嗤 退 退 退 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1.
2. Nutritional quality. Because people's life intake of animal protein and plant protein is more, and high protein millet porridge taste poor, more suitable for food processing. Therefore, at present, millet's high protein and high fat are generally not used as the main indicators for the quality assessment of daily consumption of millet, and millet's characteristic health and nutrition components are used as the main indicators of millet nutrition quality, such as vitamins and trace elements. Many people believe that the nutritional content of spring sow millet with a longer growing period is better than the summer sowing millet with a short growing period. In fact, there is no scientific basis for this argument. Studies have shown that the same millet varieties were sown in spring and summer in the same plot, respectively, and there were no significant differences in the quality of laboratory tests.
3. Appearance quality. Appearance quality is an index that consumers can directly evaluate and choose first. The appearance quality is one of the keys to the market. High-quality varieties require bright color (golden, bright yellow, orange) or special color (milk, blue, gray, etc.), uniform color, shallow sulcus and less broken rice. For common yellow rice varieties, in general, Chungu millet grains are large in size, golden in color, and have good commercial properties, while Xiagu small rice grains are small and light in color. Most of them are bright yellow or orange, and their commercial properties are not as good as Chungu, but they are cooked. There was no significant difference in the color appearance of the porridge after the porridge, and even the appearance of the porridge color in the summer grain millet was better than that in the spring valley.
4. Cooking quality. Cooking quality refers to the time needed for steamed rice or porridge. With the acceleration of the pace of life and the rising energy prices, people generally like to cook and consume less energy. In general, the Xiagu type is more fire-fighting, about 15 minutes after the pot is opened, and Spring Valley is more costly and takes 25-40 minutes.
5. Environmental sensitivity. It refers to the degree of quality difference of high quality varieties under different soil quality, climate, and water and fertilizer conditions. The traditional “four major Gongmi†is sensitive to the environment and must be planted in a specific area before it can express high quality. Therefore, the types of quality traits that are not sensitive to the environment should be selected to meet the needs of large-scale promotion and large-scale development.
In addition to the above-mentioned quality indicators, it is also important to select the yield level, disease resistance, lodging resistance and drought resistance of the investigated varieties, because these indicators not only affect the yield but also affect the quality.
Second, the environmental conditions
Studies have shown that high-quality millet is most often produced in environments with deep soil, fertile soil, adequate sunlight, moderate rainfall, and low pollution sources. In the same area, the quality of millet produced in the soil is better than that of the sand land. The irrigated land is better than the pure dry land, and the sunny slope is better than the shade.
Third, cultivation points
1. Fertilizer. High-quality millet production requires the application of organic fertilizer as much as possible, with little or no fertilizer. In organic fertilizers, bean cakes, basil, sesame cake, and decomposed chicken manure and sheep dung are preferable.
2. Formerly. Soybeans, peanuts, green beans, red beans and other legumes are the best for the former.
3. Sowing period. Should be appropriate sowing or sowing later than the average millet, sowing too soon lead to increased pests and diseases, affect the appearance of millet quality, such as the appearance of dark grain.
4. Harvest period. Appropriate harvesting period should be the best when 95% of grains are firm, 3 days earlier or 5 days late, not only reduce production by more than 3%, but also have an adverse effect on the color of millet.
Although millet is recognized as a high-quality nutrient food, its quality is still very different among different varieties and different production areas and adopting different production methods. The market price is several times different. Therefore, the use of high-quality production technology is undoubtedly the primary measure to increase the economic benefits of millet production.
Li Wei
About the author: Li Wei, associate researcher, executive director and general manager of Hebei Jingu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. He has undertaken many national and provincial issues and has published many academic papers in important publications at home and abroad.