If the grapes planted in that year are to have early fruits and high yields, the following measures should be taken into consideration in the cultivation and management: Fertilization should be applied thinly in the growing season of the grapes. Fertilization should be applied thinly in order to reduce fertilizer damage and waste, so as to promote good growth and development of new shoots, and lay a solid foundation for early formation and early end fertility. Technically, from the bud of the grape to the end of August, the fertilizer is applied once a month. Each time, 5 kg of water and fertilizer for manure and feces and 50 g of nitrogen fertilizer are applied to each site. If there is little rain during July-August, the weeds will be covered around the vines and the soil will be resistant to drought and irrigation. Standing stands and summer scissor grapes are creeping climbing plants and they must be erected in order to capture high yields. Therefore, in the year of planting, it should be set up early. Plants that cannot stand should also be erected with semi-stands to bind new shoots and increase their polarity. However, it must be racked up in winter, otherwise it will affect the growth of the following year. After the grape sprouts, when the new shoot grows to a certain length (about 20 cm), you can choose to leave a stout new shoot as the main branch and erase the rest of the tender shoot. Under good fertilizer and water management conditions, the annual growth of the grapes can reach 4 to 5 meters. In order to promote the formation of secondary shoots, the shoots are picked up when the shoots grow to shelf height, and the tendons are removed. In addition to being tendrils, production tends to be neglected by the majority of growers. This is one of the important factors affecting early harvesting and high yields. Under favorable fertilizer and water management conditions, if the environmental conditions are appropriate, tendril buds can differentiate into flower buds. In winter, branches can be used as backbone branches to shape the plant earlier. Maintaining loose soil throughout the year due to increased frequency of fertilization and raining of the rain, the soil in the garden tends to be tight, which is not conducive to the growth and development of the plant roots (Vitis is a fibrous root system, which was not strong in growth and development). If the soil in the garden can be kept loose throughout the year, the growth rate of the shoot can be increased by 15% to 30% compared to the general management, which can reduce the harm and occurrence of pests and diseases. Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases Generally, grape diseases planted in the current year are lighter, but the plants planted in the winter are not quarantined and disinfected due to external transport. Some grapes may show signs of disease, such as blackpox, powdery mildew, etc. , should be promptly sprayed to prevent and cure. Powdery mildew can be sprayed with 1000-times of thiophanate, 500-mg each of Baume Copper and lime, and sprayed once every two weeks or so. To prevent and treat other diseases, dimethoate can be used 1000 times, and iridescent phosphorus 800 times formaldehyde 1605 emulsion 1000 times, to ensure the plants robust growth and development, laying the foundation for early results.
Vitamins:
Vitamin A:
Retinol. Carotene compounds responsible for transmitting light sensation in the
retina of the eye. Deficiency leads to night blindness.
Beta carotene: An
antioxidant which protects cells against oxidation damage that can lead to cancer.
Beta carotene is converted, as needed, to vitamin A. Food sources of beta
carotene include vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach and other
leafy green vegetables; and fruit such as cantaloupes and apricots. Excessive
carotene in the diet can temporarily yellow the skin, a condition called
carotenemia, commonly seen in infants fed largely mushed carrots.
Vitamin B1:
Thiamin, acts as a coenzyme in body metabolism. Deficiency leads to beriberi, a
disease of the heart and nervous system.
Vitamin B2:
Riboflavin, essential for the reactions of coenzymes. Deficiency causes
inflammation of the lining of the mouth and skin.
Vitamin B3:
Niacin, an essential part of coenzymes of body metabolism. Deficiency causes
inflammation of the skin, vagina, rectum and mouth, as well as mental slowing.
Vitamin B6:
Pyridoxine, a cofactor for enzymes. Deficiency leads to inflammation of the
skin and mouth, nausea, vomiting, dizziness , weakness and anemia.
Folate (folic
acid): Folic acid is an important factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic
material). Folate deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin B12: An
essential factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic material of all cells).
Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia, as can be seen in pernicious anemia.
Vitamin C:
Ascorbic acid, important in the synthesis of collagen, the framework protein
for tissues of the body. Deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by fragile
capillaries, poor wound healing, and bone deformity in children.
Vitamin D: A
steroid vitamin which promotes absorption and metabolism of calcium and
phosphorus. Under normal conditions of sunlight exposure, no dietary
supplementation is necessary because sunlight promotes adequate vitamin D
synthesis in the skin. Deficiency can lead to osteomalacia in adults and bone
deformity (rickets) in children.
Vitamin E:
Deficiency can lead to anemia.
Vitamin K: An
essential factor in the formation of blood clotting factors. Deficiency can
lead to abnormal bleeding.
Nutritions:
For the treatment
of nutritional disease, any of the nutrient-related diseases and conditions
that cause illness in humans. They may include deficiencies or excesses in the
diet, obesity and eating disorders, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular
disease, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Nutritional diseases also
include developmental abnormalities that can be prevented by diet, hereditary
metabolic disorders that respond to dietary treatment, the interaction of foods
and nutrients with drugs, food allergies and intolerances, and potential
hazards in the food supply. All of these categories are described in this
article. For a discussion of essential nutrients, dietary recommendations, and
human nutritional needs and concerns throughout the life cycle, see nutrition,
human.
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