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Generally in the temperature of about 3 °C, 5 cm soil temperature of 5 °C or so, when the top soil freezes and disappears when the winter irrigation is good. Winter irrigation is too early, the temperature is still high, evaporation is large, is not conducive to water conservation; late, when the temperature is lowered, the soil is frozen, the water is not easy to infiltrate, the water freezes, the roots of fruit trees are vulnerable to frost damage. The amount of irrigation water in winter should be fully infiltrated with water on the day of irrigation and soaked in the root distribution layer (40-60 cm). After the irrigation, the soil moisture is maintained at 60% to 85% of the maximum water capacity in the field.
In orchards with good water sources and well-watered irrigation facilities, furrow irrigation or ring-shaped furrow irrigation can be used. In orchards with poor conditions of water sources and equipment, discoid soil can be sprayed around the outer edge of the canopy. Orchards with good conditions can also use drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Regardless of the method used, if a suitable amount of decomposed human excreta can be applied before irrigation, the effect will be better.
After winter irrigation, the whole garden ground cover is covered with rice straw, wheat straw, hull, wheat bran, weeds, etc. to protect and prevent freezing; when it is covered, the straw should be cut into about 10 cm to prevent it from being blown by the wind. If there is no coverage condition, loosen soil loosely after irrigation to prevent and reduce water evaporation.
Winter irrigation in orchards is good for water storage and phlegm-removing, to stabilize ground temperature, prevent frost damage to fruit trees, and reduce overwintering pests. The technical points are as follows: