Citrus is a kind of fruit with a large area and many varieties in Jiangjin District. Understanding the common diseases and pests in citrus cultivation and their prevention and control techniques will help improve the scientificness of citrus cultivation, increase citrus yield and quality, and create greater economic benefits. . Next, I have conducted specific research and analysis on the prevention and treatment of common diseases and insect pests in citrus cultivation. First, citrus disease. (a) citrus scab. Scab disease mainly affects young leaves, shoots and young fruit, and the incidence of spring shoots is severe. The victim leaves initially developed a small, grease-like spot that grew yellow-brown to gray-brown, with multiple leaves protruding from the back, and conical (funnel) lesions in the depressions of the leaves. When the onset was severe, multiple lesions were joined together. Distortion. The symptoms of the new shoots were similar to those of the leaves, but the protrusions were not as pronounced on the leaves. When the damage was severe, the shoots were short and twisted. The victim suffers from scattered or contiguous nodules. Young fruit suffers from brownish brown rot and shedding, while a large fruit victim forms yellow-brown, corked bulges. Prevention methods. 1, 80% mancozeb WP wettable powder 600 to 800 times; 2,70% thiophanate-methyl WP wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times; 3,75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times liquid; 4 , 77% of copper hydroxide wettable powder 800 to 1000 times; 5,10% of ether benzocyclone water dispersible granules 2000 to 2500 times. In combination with winter pruning, the diseased shoots and densely closed branches were cut off, the litter on the ground was removed, and they were burned out of the orchard. (b) Citrus anthrax. Anthracnose can damage leaves, shoots, young fruit, fruit stems, mature fruits and fruit during storage. Due to the different parts of the disease, the onset time is different and the symptoms are different. The most common and serious loss symptoms are: Or leaf rot: the so-called acute type of anthrax usually occurs on young shoots. Lesions often start from the tips of the leaves. The water stains are dark brown in the beginning, like boiling water burns, and then turn into yellow-brown, moire. Shape, the edge of the lesion is not obvious. After the diseased tissue has died, it often presents with "V"-shaped plaques, on which fine black spots can also be produced. The diseased leaves will soon fall off. 2, shoot dry: freshly pumped on the shoot, the primary water stains, quickly turned dark brown, and then withered, young leaves withered off. 3, fruit stem dry: usually in September, the fruit began to mature, the affected fruit stems chlorosis yellow, brown, and finally gray and dry, when the lesions spread to the fruit pedicle, causing phlegm, early fruit color and Shedding, causing a lot of fruit drop before harvesting fruit. 4, storage and transportation period of rot: more than from the Department of the Department of the Department of or its vicinity began to brown rot, when the damp spot orange spots or mucus. Control methods: 1, a reasonable fertilization. Increase the application of organic fertilizers such as grass ash and rapeseed cake to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and create good conditions for root growth; 2, reasonable pruning and thinning fruit. Combine the clean garden, cut off pests and diseases, clear litter, and burn them in order to reduce the source of germs; carry out short pruning in summer according to tree vigor to improve ventilation and light in the orchard; timely fruit thinning and control of fruit load to maintain tree vigor Body resistance. 3, timely application of pesticide protection. Effective pharmaceuticals include: 80% Mancozeb Zinc Wettable Powder 600 times, 25% Methylamphetamine Emulsion 500 to 1000X, or 50% Imidamido Manganate Complex Wettable Powder 1500x, 10% Aether Benzene Ring The azole aqueous dispersion granules are 2000 to 2500 times liquid and 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 800 to 1000 times liquid. Second, the main insect pests (a) The red spider It is one of the most commonly occurring pests on citrus. It pierced citrus leaves, twigs and fruit surfaces with acupuncture needles and sucked juice. After the leaves are damaged, there are many grey and white spots, and when the leaves are serious, the whole leaves are gray and white, causing fallen leaves, which has a greater impact on the tree vigor and yield. .Control technology (1) Control period and prevention and control indicators Early spring (late February to mid-March) 1-2 heads/leaves, late March to 3-4 heads/flowers. After flowering, it was 5-6 heads/leaf in September (general death in July-August) and 2 heads/leaf in 10 November. (2) Before the spring shooter in the spring garden, 0.8?1 Baumedu lime sulfur, pineine mixture 8?10 times liquid, 95% oil emulsion 80?100 times liquid or 99% Lvying 150?200 times can be used. once. (3) The buds can be used before the application of 40% of warfare cream 2000 times, 0.5% of emamectin 5,000 times, 20% of chlorinated tetracycline 1500 times, 15% of fluorenone 1500 times. (4) In addition to the use of other agents before budding to yielding in other seasons, it is also possible to use 73% Ruijing Net Emulsion 2000-300 times, 1.8% Indirubin Buster EC 4000 times, and 50% Kotel EC 2000 to 3000 times Liquid (in the young fruit period above 30 °C should not be used, navel orange fruit easy to produce spotted) and so on. (b) Rust walls Also known as the orange rust, the fruit after the damage is called the copper disease fruit, showing purple or dark brown; on the reverse side of the damaged leaf, many purple-brown reticular spots are often seen. Prevention and control technology; (1) Control period is appropriate from mid-May to October. (2) Prevention and control indicators From late May to June, leaves or fruits were viewed under a 10x magnifying glass, 1-2 heads/field, or the spring shoots of the year were initially contaminated; in July and October, the leaves or fruits were magnified by 10 times. The next 3 heads/field of view, or 1 fruit found in 1 orchard was found to be infested; or 5% of leaves or fruit had rust. (3) Spring Garden with red spider. (4) Chemical control with red spider, (5% thifenone WP and 10% Benzoate EC should not be used). (c) Yakitori Acanthurus, also known as arrow scale insect or arrow scale insect. The damage to leaves, fruits and branches with nymphs or female adults caused yellow leaves to fall off, and the plants withered when severe; the fruits were yellow-green after being victimized. Prevention technology (1) The appropriate period for prevention and control of appropriate period of prevention and control is before budding of spring shoot (from about mid-February to early March), the first generation of nymphs (about the end of May), and the second generation of nymphs (about the end of July). In early September, the third generation of nymphs was in full bloom (from about the beginning of September to the middle of October). (2) Prevention and control indicators From mid-February to early March, nymphs were found in 0.5 females/shoots or 10% of leaves of adult females in the spring; in May to October, nymphs were found in 3-4 heads, shoots, or 10% of leaves or fruits. Harm. (3) Spring Clear Garden with red spider, but 0.8? 1 Baume degree lime sulfur agent is not included in the list. (4) Chemical control can use 40% quick-acting emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times solution, or 99% Lv Ying 200-300 times solution, or 40% methicillin EC or 40% quaternary EC 800 to 1000 times, or 20% Coix-Cobarus 1000 times liquid is sprayed alternately 1 to 2 times. (d) Black thorn moth Black thorn whitefly, also known as orange thorn whitefly. Yellow spots appeared after the leaves were injured and soy-cookei was induced. Prevention technology (1) Precautionary measures against the budding of spring shoots (mid-February to early March), the first generation of nymphs (about mid-late May), and the second generation of nymphs (from late July to early September) ) The third generation of nymphs during the peak period (from about August to September) and the fourth generation of nymphs during the period from mid-September to October. (2) Control indicators From mid-February to early March, 5% of leaves in spring were found to be overwintering mature nymphs or 0.5 heads/tips; in May-September, nymphs were 2-3 heads/tips, or 5% of leaves were found to be nymph-damaged. (3) Spring Clear Garden with red spider, but 0.8? 1 Baume degree lime sulfur agent is not included in the list. (4) Antimicrobial control Refer to Scrophularia falciparum and add thiazide copper or imidacloprid series drugs to improve the efficacy. (five) tangerine Jaundice, also known as tangerine, ants or insects. Clusters damage young tissues, causing leaf curling, and flower buds and young fruit falling off when severe. Prevention technology (1) Prevention and control of appropriate spring and autumn shoots (about April, mid-to late May, about mid-August to late September), focusing on the growth period and flowering period of spring shoots. . (2) Prevention and control index 20% of young shoots are found to be infested by "wingless crickets". (3) Chemical control optional agent 10% or 20% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid, 10% Fengyuan powder 2000-3000 times liquid, 20% million purple wettable powder 5000 times liquid, 25% worth of wettable powder 6000 times liquid, 10% neodymium powder 3000 times liquid and so on. (6) Citrus hibiscus The nymph mainly draws sap from young shoots, induces coal disease, damages the leaves and shoots with adults, and affects photosynthesis. The damaged plants caused young shoots to shrink, and the new leaves were distorted and deformed. It is a vector insect that spreads citrus yellow dragon disease. Prevention technology (1) Proper control of the first to third generations of nymphs in the appropriate period (mid-April to mid-July) and the fourth to fifth generation of nymphs (from early August to mid-October). (2) Prevention and control index 20% of the leaves or fruit found nymph damage. (3) Chemical control selection 10% or 20% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times, 20% million purple wettable powder 5000 times, 25% wettable powder 6000 times, 10% Fengyuan powder 2500-3000 times Liquid, 40.7% chlorpyrifos EC 1200 times liquid and other drugs used in submarine potential. (VII) Leafminer Leafminer, also known as Painter. The larvae sneak into the epidermis to feed and form a white insect path that curls, hardens, and falls off. The victim fruit is perishable. 3. Control technology (1) Prevent and control the appropriate period of summer and autumn shoots (early July and mid-September). (2) Prevention and control index 50% of young shoots on the shoot did not have nymphs. (3) Chemicals control 90% Wanling WP 3000～4000 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500～2500 times, or 20% good year winter 1500～2000 times, or 96% Haizheng Exterminator 3000 ~ 5000 times liquid, 40.7% chlorpyrifos EC 1200 times and so on. (h) Flower buds Flower buds, also known as orange bud fly. The adult eggs enter the flower buds, and the larvae eat the flowers after hatching. The flower buds become yellow-white and the petals become thick and short and cannot be opened. 3. Control technology (1) Prevention and control of appropriate buds began to show white (from late March to mid-April), mid-late buds (about mid-April and late April). (2) Prevention and control indicators The rate of damage to buds in the previous year was 6%, or 3% of dew-white buds had egg parasitism in the same year, and 5% of buds in the middle and late stages had egg parasitism and nymph infestation. (3) Chemical control of flower buds, when the adults have not yet emerged, the ground is sprayed with 80% dichlorvos EC 100 times; 50% phoxim EC 500-800 times, or 75% chloramidine EC before the early adult oviposition. 5000-7500 times, or 80% of dichlorvos EC 800 times, or 40.7% chlorpyrifos EC 1200 times, spraying the canopy, spraying once every 5-7 days, even spray 2-3 times; Xiehua, the larvae will soon be buried , applying pesticides on the ground and removing damaged buds. Scientific citrus pest control is the basic premise to improve citrus planting efficiency. Through research and analysis of common citrus diseases and pests and their prevention and control techniques, it is helpful to verify scientific theories in practice. At the same time, it can also improve economic efficiency and promote rural economic science. Develop reasonably.
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