What are the functions and methods of disinfecting the soil?

What are the functions and methods of disinfecting the soil? Before applying the soil disinfectant, the fine soil preparation is transported to the outside of the shed immediately after the vegetable is removed from the shed, and is destroyed in a place away from the shed. Before applying the soil disinfectant, deep-turn (about 30 cm) and then use a rotary tiller to swirl the soil to make the soil particles fine and uniform. This will give full play to the effect of soil disinfectants to a certain extent. Note that the soil disinfectant should be applied after the application of the decomposed manure, and the biological fertilizer is added.

Soil moisture should be maintained at 60% to 70% when maintaining proper soil moisture. In case of continuous sunny days and the humidity is less than 60%, it is necessary to pour the ground in advance. 3 to 4 days after pouring the soil (humidity is hand-kneaded into a group, and the ground can be dispersed at a height of 1 meter). Various pathogens and root-knot nematodes are sensitive to the agent, and the weed seeds are ready to germinate and are more easily soiled. The disinfectant is killed.

Correctly Covering Plastic Films The plastic film covered with the soil disinfectant should not be too thin. It is best to use a non-permeable film (non-breathable) or a plastic film with a thickness of 0.04 mm or more. The plastic film should be pressed on all four sides. Be careful not to damage it. It is best to use a new film to prevent air leakage and reduce the disinfection effect. It is best to complete it from 2 to 3 hours from rotary tillage to filming.

Maintain a certain filming time After the application time, the filming time depends on the temperature. When the temperature is above 30 °C, it covers 7~12 days; when the temperature is 15°C~30°C, it covers 12~15 days. When the coverage time reaches the above-mentioned required number of days, the film can be peeled off, and the soil is loosened at the same depth (30 cm) to ensure sufficient ventilation for more than one week to ensure no residue of the medicament and then colonization.

As the land for nursery, it is best to have flat terrain, loose soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and if available, sand loam can be selected. In addition, soil disinfection should be carried out before sowing or cutting to eliminate pathogens in the soil and ensure the safe growth of the seedlings. There are many methods for disinfection, but there are seven methods that are commonly used and have good results:

First, pentachloronitrobenzene disinfection method:

For each square meter of nursery, use 4 grams of 75% pentachloronitrobenzene and 5 grams of zinc. After mixing the two drugs, mix well with 12 kg of fine soil. Cover the top cover when sowing. This method has special effects on the prevention and control of soil-borne anthracnose, blight, sputum, and sclerotinia.

Second, formalin disinfection method:

Each square meter of nursery is sprayed evenly on the surface with 50 ml of formalin and 10 kg of water, then covered with a straw bag or plastic film. The cover is removed for about 10 days, so that the gas is dissipated and can be sown after 2 days. Cutting. It has good effects on controlling blight, brown spot, keratosis, anthracnose and the like.

Third, Bordeaux liquid disinfection method:

For every square meter of nursery, use an equal amount (ie: copper sulfate: lime: water ratio of 1:1:100), 2.5 kg of Bordeaux mixture, and add 10 g of Sai Li San to spray the soil. After the soil is slightly dry, the cuttings can be planted. It has obvious effects on the prevention and treatment of black spot, spot disease, gray mold, rust, brown spot and anthracnose.

Fourth, carbendazim disinfection method:

Carbendazim can control a variety of fungal diseases, and the effects on the diseases caused by ascomycetes and deuteromycetes are obvious. 50% wettable powder for soil disinfection, 1.5 grams per square meter, can prevent root rot, stem rot, leaf blight, gray spot disease, etc., or can be made into toxic soil in the ratio of 1:20. It can effectively prevent seedling diseases.

Five, ferrous sulfate disinfection method:

The soil is treated with 3% solution, 0.5 kg per square meter of liquid medicine, which can control the seedling blight of coniferous trees; peach and plum leaf disease. At the same time, it can also cure the yellowing disease of iron-deficient flowers.

Sixth, the ammonium disinfection method:

Dysonium is an organic sulfur fungicide with strong bactericidal power and can penetrate into plants. After decomposing in plants, it has certain fertilizer effect. Using 50% water-soluble dasensen 350 times solution, 3 kg of dilution solution per square meter of nursery soil can control black spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew and blight of flowers, and effectively control bulbous species A variety of diseases of the ball.

Seven, bacteria sterile disinfection method:

The bacteria are aseptic, really strong, and the slag is evenly dispersed into the tree hole, which can effectively prevent root diseases and underground pests.

The role and method of soil disinfection

First, soil disinfection can prevent soil-borne diseases

Soil-borne diseases refer to pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses that are present in the soil and cause damage from crop roots or stems when the environmental conditions are appropriate. Infected pathogens include fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, nematodes, and the like. For example, the rot fungus causes sprouting and smashing, the sclerotium causes the seedling blight, and the root-knot nematode causes the blight.

It is one of the effective measures to inhibit the quantity and activity of pathogens in crop root-root system in soil, and to prevent soil-borne diseases. The technology uses physical, chemical, biological and other disinfection measures to efficiently and quickly kill fungi, bacteria, nematodes, weeds, soil-borne viruses, underground pests, rodents, etc. in the soil, which can solve the problem of high value-added crops well. Problems and significantly increase crop yield and quality.

What is the effect of soil disinfection? Look at the test data and you will know. Beijing Plant Protection Station and Beijing Jiexi Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. tested the number of pathogens in 380 vegetable soil samples in the city. The results showed that the amount of pathogens in the soil was much lower than that of the unsterilized plots after soil disinfection. Among them, the number of fungal Fusarium and Phytophthora decreased by more than 90%, and the number of nematodes decreased by more than 95%.

Therefore, disinfecting the soil grown by the crop before planting can effectively reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in the growing season and reduce the amount of pesticides used in the growing season for controlling soil-borne pests and diseases.

Second, what are the methods of soil disinfection?

At present, the soil disinfection methods with better application effects mainly include reduction method disinfection, horseradish disinfection and chemical disinfection. The technical characteristics of each disinfection method are as follows:

1, reduction method disinfection

This method is a non-toxic and safe method of disinfection. First, by using organic matter, the microorganisms in the soil are activated, and then the special oxygen is completely impervious to the membrane. In the small environment of oxygen-insulated soil, aerobic microorganisms consume a large amount of oxygen, inhibit the activity of soil-borne pathogens, and then pass acetic acid. (The composition of vinegar), the addition of butyric acid (component of ginkgo), metal anion and other substances, the density of pathogenic microorganisms and nematodes is reduced sharply, and finally the membrane is completely impermeable, the oxygen in the soil is recovered, and the related inhibitory substances are naturally degraded.

2, horseradish disinfection

Horseradish is a kind of secondary metabolite extracted from cruciferous plants such as horseradish. It can be volatilized at room temperature and looks like an oily liquid. It has a good inhibitory effect on various pathogens in the soil. The medicament can be soil fumigation using a drip irrigation device. After drip irrigation of horseradish, the soil can be sealed with a greenhouse for 3 days. The soil disinfection method is environmentally safe and has no residue problems.

3. Chemical disinfection

The method is to inject or spray a chemical into the soil to kill or inhibit soil pathogens. Chemical agents mainly include: chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, cotton, weibai, dimethyl disulfide and the like. Different chemical agents have different applicability in controlling the effects of fungi, nematodes and weeds in soil, among which chloropicrin is effective in controlling fungi, and 1,3-dichloropropene and dimethyl disulfide are resistant to nematodes. The effect is better, and the effect of cotton weaving and Weibaimu on controlling weeds is better. Therefore, it may be considered to select or use different chemical soil disinfectants depending on the type of pathogen in the soil.

Third, soil disinfection matters needing attention

1. Choose soil disinfection method according to local conditions

At present, the soil disinfection method is gradually improved, and it has the characteristics of diversification and systematization. Farmers should choose the appropriate soil disinfection method according to the actual situation of their own farmland, such as the type of farmland certification, the severity of soil-borne pests and diseases, and the input cost.

2, the soil disinfection operations must be protected

Due to the high toxicity, corrosiveness, irritation and volatility of soil disinfectants, workers must wear protective clothing, protective masks and gloves when soil disinfection is carried out to avoid contact between workers and soil disinfectants. .

3, soil disinfection procedures should be scientific

Scientific soil disinfection procedures are the most important factor affecting soil fumigation. To remove the residual roots in the soil, fully plow the soil, the soil looseness is more than 35 cm. The soil temperature is 15 °C -20 °C at 15 cm, and the soil moisture should be about 60%. It is more suitable for the movement of soil disinfectant. The film should be covered in the whole field without leaving a dead angle. After the soil is disinfected, the residual agent should be fully dissipated to avoid phytotoxicity in the crop. The germination test can be used to qualitatively judge whether there is any drug residue. If the seed germination is less or the root tip has root burning, the planting should be postponed. Avoid soil disinfection in extreme weather conditions such as heavy rainfall, low temperatures (below 10 ° C) or high temperatures (above 30 ° C).

4. Specialization of soil disinfection

According to the "Notice No. 2289 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China": "From October 1, 2015, the registration scope and application method of methyl bromide and chloropicrin were changed to soil fumigation, and other registrations other than soil fumigation were revoked. Methyl bromide and chloropicrin should be used under the guidance of professional technicians." Therefore, qualified professional organizations are required to operate and use related products.

5. Scientific use of chemical disinfection products

When using the cotton product, it should be evenly mixed, have sufficient moisture, and the film should be fully open, and it is easy to cause phytotoxicity at low temperature. When using Weibaimu, it must be mixed evenly. The application amount is related to the soil texture. It is recommended to apply the irrigation method.

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