Release date: 2017-07-28 Scientists at the University of Washington School of Medicine have successfully regenerated retinal cells from adult mice. Their result is that one day someone will be able to repair the retina that is damaged by trauma, glaucoma and other eye diseases. Adult zebrafish retina can be regenerated Many tissues of our body, such as our skin, can heal because they contain stem cells that can differentiate into the cell types needed to repair damaged tissue. However, our retinal cells lack this ability to regenerate. As a result, damage to the retina often results in permanent vision loss. However, this is not the case in zebrafish because it has extraordinary ability to regenerate damaged tissues, including nerve tissue such as the retina. This may be because the Müller cells of the zebrafish retina contain a gene that allows them to regenerate cells. When these cells feel that the retina is injured, they activate this gene called Ascl1. This gene encodes a transcription factor that affects the activity of many other genes and therefore has a major impact on cellular function. In the case of zebrafish, activation of Ascl1 converts glial stem cells into all types of cells that need to repair the retina and restore vision. The new study was led by Professor Tom Reh of the University of Washington. Scientists want to see if they can use this gene to reprogram Müller cells in adult mice. Researchers hope to promote non-natural regeneration in the mammalian retina. Their findings were published online in Nature on July 26. The first author is PhD student Nikolas Jorstad. Create mice with zebrafish regeneration genes Like humans, mice cannot repair their retina. Jorstad said that in order to organize their experiments, the team was inspired by the regulation of zebrafish regeneration. They created a mouse with a copy of the Ascl1 gene in its Müller cells. The gene expression is then initiated by injection of the drug tamoxifen. Early success of the research team has shown that when they activate the gene, Müller cells differentiate into retinal cells called interneurons in the mouse retina after neuronal injury. These cells play a vital role in vision. They receive and process signals from light-detecting cells, rod cells, and cones from the retina and pass these signals to another group of cells, which in turn pass the information to the brain. Microscopic images showing Müller cells and nerves in the retina Blocking epigenetic regulation can regenerate adult mouse retina However, in their earlier study, the researchers found that activation of this gene only worked during the first two weeks of life. After a while, the mice cannot repair their retina. Reh said that initially they thought another transcription factor was involved. Finally, they found that the key genes for Müller cell regeneration were blocked by molecules that bind to the chromosome. This is a way in which cells "lock" genes to prevent them from being activated. It is a form of epigenetic regulation that controls how and when the genome works. In their new paper, Reh and his colleagues found that epigenetic regulation using drug blockade is called a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and activation of Ascl1 allows Müller cells in adult mice to differentiate into functional ones. The researchers demonstrated that these new interneurons integrate into the existing retina, establish connections with other retinal cells, and respond to light-detecting retinal cells with normal signals. Reh said his team wanted to find out if there were other factors that could activate Müller cells to allow them to regenerate into different types of cells in the retina. He said that if this is the case, it would be possible to develop a more convenient treatment for repairing retinal damage, which is a common cause of vision loss. Source: Bio-Exploration phenibut hcl australia,phenibut hcl and acid,phenibut hcl adalah Shaanxi YXchuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd , https://www.peptidenootropic.com
Phenibut HCL, sold under the brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen among others,is acentral nervous system depressant with anxiolytic and stimulant effects which is used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and for a variety of other indications.It is usually takenby mouth as a tablet, but can also be given as an intravenous infusion.
Phenibut HCL is used for anxiety, fear, trouble sleeping (insomnia), tension, stress, fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, alcoholism, and irregular heartbeat. It is also used for improving memory, learning, and