Along with the rapid development of China's economy in recent years, energy consumption has also shown a momentum of rapid growth. The elasticity of energy consumption has averaged less than 0.5 since the 1980s, gradually increasing to more than 1, and reaching 1.6 in 2004. It is expected that the elasticity of energy consumption in 2005 will also continue to be higher than 1. The coefficient of elasticity of energy consumption during the entire Tenth Five-Year Plan period will also be greater than one. Ningbo DOKEE Medical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.dokeemedical.com
1 China's energy utilization status
The ultra-high growth in energy consumption demand has brought a series of negative effects. There are different levels of energy shortages in many parts of the country. In particular, the shortage of electricity is large and lasts for a long time. Many places still need to cut off power and electricity, which has adversely affected people's lives and social production activities. The renewed energy shortage has spurred energy development. In the past two or three years, China's coal output has increased by 200 million tons per year. The excessively enhanced coal mining and large-scale coal burning have made China's environmental pollution problem more serious.
In the long period of time to come, China’s economic growth will still maintain a relatively fast pace. All parties expect that China will likely maintain an annual growth rate of more than 7% in the next 20 years. In order to achieve the goal of medium-developed countries in the middle of this century, China's economic growth rate needs to maintain a relatively high growth rate after 2020, so China's energy development must seek a new sustainable development path.
In the "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development", for the first time, "the energy consumption per unit of GDP is reduced by about 20% from the end of the fifteenth" as the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". One of the two important goals of economic and social development during the period. Saving energy, improving energy efficiency, and reducing the growth rate of energy demand are the basic points of view to achieve this goal.
At present, the unit energy consumption of major energy-consuming products in China is 20% to 40% higher than that of developed countries. In 2000, China's thermal power supply coal consumption was 392 grams of standard coal / kWh, 24% lower than the international advanced level (Japan's 316 grams of standard coal / kWh); the average energy consumption per ton of steel was 781 kg of standard coal / ton, It is lower than the international advanced level (Japan 646 g standard coal / kWh) less than 21%; the average comprehensive energy consumption of cement is 181 kg standard coal / ton, 44% lower than the international advanced level (Japan 125.7 g standard coal / kWh) The average comprehensive energy consumption of ethylene is 1212 kg of standard coal/ton, which is 70% lower than the international advanced level (Japan's 714 g standard coal/kWh); the average comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale natural gas synthetic hydrogen is 1200 kg of standard coal/ton. It is 24% lower than the international advanced level (US 970 g standard coal / kWh). The energy consumption of buildings in China is 3 to 4 times that of the same latitude countries. The average fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of all types of vehicles in China is more than 20% higher than that of developed countries.
The reason for the high level of energy consumption per unit in China is mainly due to the large gap between the technical level and the I: industrialized countries. Therefore, the promotion and application of advanced energy-saving technologies and processes in various fields is of vital importance to the sustainable development of China's social economy. Especially as a developing country in the world, the energy supply system has to double the size of such a large economy, and it needs the level of energy technology to reach and exceed the international advanced level, so that China's energy efficiency level becomes the world*. In the middle of the century, the grand goal of realizing China's per capita GDP to reach the level of moderately developed countries.
According to domestic and foreign experts, most energy-saving technologies can bring about 5% to 40% energy-saving effect, and the amount of energy-saving depends on the application speed of energy-saving technology in the market. China's experience in implementing the energy conservation policy for more than 20 years also proves that energy conservation of technological progress accounts for about 30% of total energy savings.
Many countries in foreign countries have many feasible energy conservation policy measures and implementation experiences for our reference and reference. In the industrial sector, they develop regulations and standards, develop fiscal and tax incentives, develop energy-saving agreements/objectives, strengthen energy audits/assessments, disseminate information, and strengthen research and development of energy-saving technologies; in the civil/commercial and transportation sectors, The main practices of Western countries are to formulate energy efficiency standards, promote energy labeling activities, promote bulk purchases, and use energy efficiency standards for household appliances, vehicles, and buildings as breakthroughs, and use market forces to promote energy conservation in these sectors. Drawing on the experience of developed countries and establishing a system of energy conservation management policies and measures in line with China's national conditions and market economic laws will definitely promote the energy conservation work in China and the realization of planning goals.
2 Improve China's energy efficiency with new ideas
Adhere to the scientific concept of development, transform the mode of economic growth, improve the ability of independent innovation, and build the development principles of a harmonious society. It is required to inject new content in energy conservation and energy efficiency, and promote the overall improvement of China's energy efficiency. The specific policy recommendations are as follows:
(1) The concept of energy conservation must be strengthened in industrial development policies. The energy efficiency index is regarded as an important quantitative indicator of industrial development policy, and is implemented in the industrial development strategy, planning and engineering design, and acceptance index system. Establish strict access standards for new production capacity; formulate step-by-step standards for existing production capacity, and effectively adjust economic structure to low energy consumption through industrial policies. Focus on key pillar industries, such as the development of the automotive industry, the vehicle fuel economy indicators should be used as a condition for market access. Ensure that the energy efficiency indicators of new projects including the introduction of projects reach the international advanced level, improve the threshold for introducing energy-saving technologies, eliminate the purchase of low-end technology, advocate the introduction of * and efficient technology.
(2) The indicator of reducing the energy consumption per unit of GDP by 20% will be gradually decomposed, and key industries and key areas will be seized and included in the performance appraisal. The key to implementing the expected energy efficiency goals is how to break down the 20% target into local and specific businesses. For the new construction projects in the future, we must pay attention to the energy efficiency level, and the existing production capacity must undergo energy-saving transformation. Energy consumption constraints are imposed on companies and local governments through quantitative indicators. For example, the government or industry associations can sign a “voluntary agreement on energy conservation†with enterprises, and it is also very important to seize key industries and key areas. The National Development and Reform Commission is about to start a program to track 1,000 high-energy-consuming enterprises. The energy consumption of these 1,000 enterprises accounts for 40% to 50% of all terminal energy consumption in China. If the measures are in place, it is believed that 20% will save energy. The goal is a very big boost. More importantly, it is necessary to formulate a matching energy efficiency indicator assessment system as soon as possible. As an important part of the performance appraisal, we will change the current situation of pursuing GDP i and neglecting the coordinated development of society.
(3) Guide terminal energy consumption in the direction of social equity and sustainable development. At present, China's energy-saving laws and regulations are not perfect, and energy-saving investment is insufficient, which makes the public accept the consumption-oriented consumption consciousness has great obstacles. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, there must be a breakthrough in establishing public awareness of energy conservation. It is necessary to arrange a certain amount of financial support to carry out large-scale publicity, education and training, introduce advanced, environmentally-friendly and sustainable development concepts and life concepts, and clearly define the social development direction based on the new development concept, and encourage social rationality. The choice of consumption, in turn, promotes the adjustment of industrial structure, economic structure and even product structure to resource conservation, and improves the rationality of consumption in production.
(4) Improve the price of tilting towards energy saving. Policies such as finance, taxation, credit, etc., guide and encourage energy-saving behaviors of enterprises and society. It is necessary to rationalize the energy price system as a basic work. To change the management of prices in the past, the focus is on the tendency to change production costs with less introduction of external costs. We should pay close attention to the feasibility of studying the energy consumption tax and implement it in due course. It is necessary to implement and improve the fuel tax as soon as possible. Develop catalogues of energy-saving products, and implement tax reduction and exemption policies for products and enterprises that produce and use catalogues. Research and explore the policy of adopting advanced and efficient energy-saving equipment and implementing special accelerated depreciation.
(5) Establish a special fund for energy conservation. Promote the development of energy conservation work. International experience shows that in addition to a sound legal system, in addition to a sound legal system, it is necessary to formulate corresponding fiscal and tax incentive policies. About 20 countries have established public funds to promote energy conservation, including renewable energy development, and resource mobilization methods such as electricity surcharges, special taxes (such as the UK climate change tax) and public finance payments. Wait. It is recommended to establish China's energy conservation special fund as soon as possible to support the promotion and application of existing and mature energy-saving technologies; support the research, development and demonstration of new energy-saving technologies; support the development of energy-saving industries; and support the establishment of energy-saving products/service markets And development; support corporate energy audits, etc. Sources of funds can come from electricity surcharges, thermal power plant sewage charges, fiscal special allocations, and fuel taxes or energy consumption taxes that may be implemented in the future.
(6) Establish and improve an effective energy conservation management system. Strengthen the energy conservation management institutions at all levels of government and legalize and standardize their functions, and establish a work coordination mechanism between the government energy conservation management agencies and relevant government departments; the implementation of energy conservation policies must first ensure the organization and change the current government energy conservation management personnel. The current situation of few and few social energy-saving service institutions and weak capabilities. Further promote the capacity building of energy management, energy services, energy monitoring and supervision systems; implement energy efficiency assessment and bulletin systems for key energy-using enterprises, establish a relatively complete energy statistics system; actively explore sustainable support for energy conservation within the framework of public finances Support policies for construction will enhance the energy-saving capacity of the whole society.
In short, energy conservation requires the joint efforts of the whole society and active participation. By establishing more stringent energy, resource management systems and mandatory energy consumption standards; accelerating the market-oriented reform process of energy prices for coal, electricity, petroleum and other energy products, forming a market environment and institutional mechanism conducive to energy conservation and resources, through price adjustment Form the pressure and willingness of social energy conservation and improve the efficiency of resource use. At the same time, reduce resources from the source, establish a recycling mechanism, and minimize the use of resources. It is believed that the goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by 20% from the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan period can be achieved.