First, the morphological characteristics and living habits (I) Morphological characteristics The carcass grows, flat, flat and slightly twisted. The body length is generally 6 to 13 centimeters, width up to 1.3 to 2 centimeters, and a large body width of up to 3.5 centimeters. The back is usually dark green and there are five vertical lines formed by yellow and black stripes. There is a yellow longitudinal strip at the lower side of each side. The belly is yellowish and mixed with many irregular dark green spots. Body section 17, body ring number 107, on the back of section 7 can be seen 4 rings, only 3 rings in the ventral surface; full body section in the middle body has 5 rings. Reproductive zone is obvious, located in the 24-48 ring. The male gonopore is in the 33-34 ring groove and the female gonopore is in the 38-39 ring groove. The front suction cup is small, there is a mouth in the mouth, and there are two rows of blunt tooth plates on the chin. (B) living habits Wide body gold thread to eat snails, clams, commonly known as "field snail" in Zhejiang. In the winter, the soil wades through the winter and was unearthed in the Yangtze River basin around the end of March or early April, and in the north in the middle and early April. However, if the temperature is still low, the unearthed golden ray often hides in the mud tangled by the submerged grass and silt. When the weather is warm, they are active at the side of the field and sometimes stretch their bodies. They stay in the ditch and head toward the incoming water. Spawning period is in May, and some can last until mid-June. Eggs are produced in fields. Eggs are ovoid, with a size of 22 to 33 mm, 15 to 24 mm, and an average of 26.6 mm and 18.7 mm. The decidua is divided into two layers: the outer layer is a sponge-like protective layer and the inside is a decidua. Excluding the sponge layer, the size of the egg pods was 17-24 millimeters and 11-27 millimeters, with an average of 20.4 millimeters and 14 millimeters. Egg weight 1.1-1.7 grams, an average of 1.68 grams. The young cubs are hatched in late May. The number of cubs in each pod is 13 to 35, and the number is about 20. The cubs climbed out of the openings (mainly from the more pointed ends) at both ends and left the pods when they coiled in the mesh of the sponge. If there are more cubs in the nest, often more than 10 or more than 20 are hatched on the first day. The remaining number of hatchlings are hatched the next day. The size of the cubs is 6.2 to 19 millimeters and 2.2 to 3.6 millimeters, with an average of 13.5 millimeters and 2.9 millimeters. . Cork was yellow when it was first hatched, and 7 fine purple-grey-grey lines were arranged on both sides of the body's back. As the larvae grow, the color between the vertical lines gradually changes, forming five vertical lines consisting of two types of stripes. The cubs are wide in shape and prominent in the back, so they are easy to identify. Cubs need to grow through 2 winter maturities and live for more than 5 years. When the wide-body gold wire is mated, the head ends are opposite, and the male hole is exactly opposite to the other female hole, but only one of them is fertilized. About 1 month after mating, calving starts. During calving, a thin mucus is secreted from the genital tract, which is intercalated with air and forms a soapy foam. It then secretes another mucus, forming a layer of ovum, surrounding the genitalia, and the egg (embryo) from the female hole. The output falls in the cavity between the wall and the body, and finally it secretes a protein solution into the cockroach. Afterwards, the kinship gradually receded from the back and exited. At the same time, the former sucker glands secreted and formed plugs, plugging the openings at the front and rear ends of the bowl, and the whole calving process took about half an hour. After the eggs have been produced in the soil for several hours, the walls of the walls harden, the foam outside the walls air-drys, and the walls break, leaving only honeycomb or sponge protective layers of pentagonal or hexagonal short columns. The fertilized eggs develop directly in the pupa, and the cubs are hatched from the 16th to the 25th. Generally, 1 adult can produce 1 to 4 eggs. The young cubs can live independently by hatching. By the time of the winter, the big ones can grow to 10 g/barrel, usually 6-8 g/barrel, and in the second year they can grow to 20 g/bar or more. Second, the medicinal properties of leeches?? 2. The artificial breeding of leeches is simple and easy. The leeches have strong adaptability, strong hunger-resistance, and strong disease resistance. The artificial breeding of leeches is not limited by regional conditions and can be maintained in ponds, pits, tanks, and barrels. With plankton in water, small insects, snails, river rafts, animal blood clots, earthworms, and humus on the soil as raw materials, they can be fed once a week. It has the advantages of not occupying labor, extensive and simple feeding management, low feed cost, high reproduction rate, silent, odorless, no pollution, less investment, and quick results. 3, the market prospects of Minamata. As Minamata is a valuable medicinal resource, it has a variety of medicinal functions in medicine and is a very valuable animal medicine. With the development of an aging population, the number of patients suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (hypertension and heart disease accounts for 2% to 5% of the population), coupled with people’s preference for Chinese medicine products, will increase the demand for leeches. According to the China Animal Husbandry and Fisheries News, December 6, 1998, the total domestic and international demand for dried leeches reached over 250 tons in 1997, while the actual supply was only 150 tons, and there was still a gap of 100 tons. According to statistics from relevant experts, the shortage of mink will reach 500,000 kg by the end of 2000. As the contradiction between supply and demand is getting bigger and bigger, it also causes prices to rise continuously. The price of pure parallel imports has risen from the previous year's 80 yuan to the current 160 yuan, and its increase has risen by nearly 100%. This situation will not happen in the short term. ease. The reasons for the rise in the prices of leech come from several sources. On the one hand, some drug companies in the Mainland and Hong Kong have a large demand for leech; on the other hand, the consumer market in Europe and the United States is very large. In recent years, Japan and Southeast Asian countries have also come from a large number of countries. Imported mink has caused domestic demand for leeches to increase exponentially. Third, pollution of the environment caused by the heavy use of pollutants from pesticides, fertilizers, and chemical industries in recent years has led to sharp declines in wild leeches resources. Fourth, artificial breeding leeches have just started in China. There are not many leeches farms with scale. China began to carry out artificial breeding of leeches in 1995 and achieved success. The net profit per acre is more than 20,000 yuan, which is 7-10 times that of the current fishery and the economic benefits are considerable. As the market for artificial breeding leeches is promising, some people of insight have begun to organise large-scale artificial breeding to capture the market. Since 1996, we have begun artificial breeding of leeches, and the area has been expanded to 30 acres. We have set up multiple branches throughout the country and Promotion agencies have achieved remarkable economic benefits. III. Aquaculture Technology 1. Select the site to build the pool. Choose a place where drainage and irrigation are convenient and shelter from the sun. The water depth in the pool is about 1-2.5 meters, and the size is not limited. It is generally determined by the terrain. Around the pool, 0.5 meters wide and 0.2 meters thick spawning platform is built with loose sandy soil with humus in the pool wall, making it easy for waterlogging to produce holes. In the middle of the water, the platform is 5 cm above the water surface and remains moist. Sometimes the water level in the pond is not easy to control precisely. Therefore, establishing a fixed spawning platform in the pond will inevitably lead to the death of the eggs caused by water inundation. In order to overcome the influence of these unfavorable factors, we use the principle of rising water and build a floating spawning in the pool. Platforms, construction of spawning platforms can be bundled together as a carrier using the timber removed from the old house, abandoned racks, etc., in accordance with local conditions, and 10 cm thick loose sand can be laid on top. This method can not consider the water ups and downs, the loose sand will always maintain an almost constant humidity, can provide a good spawning site for the otter, egg hatching rate is quite high. The pond is divided into earthen ponds and cement ponds. The former needs to be made of bricks or stones to make it sturdy, durable, and free of loopholes; the latter should be covered with 20 cm of mud at the bottom of the pond. No matter what kind of pool, drain holes should be set around the pool so that it can be drained easily in heavy rain, so as to prevent the water from flowing through the pool wall and causing the water to escape. Each drain hole should be equipped with a filter to prevent the leeches from fleeing. Requires fertile water, in order to make the water snails, leeches, and a variety of water surface of the fast-growing and development of algae and microorganisms. For this reason, after the construction of the water pool, a layer of chicken or pig manure should be sprinkled at the bottom. It is appropriate to apply 0.2 manure per 100 m 2 of water and cover it with 20 cm of soil. In addition to specialized culture ponds, existing fish ponds, lotus ponds, and abandoned gutters, pool sugars, etc. can also be used. No matter what kind of aquaculture pond, disinfection must be carried out before seeding. Since leeches are not suitable for alkaline soil or water quality, they cannot be disinfected with quicklime, bleaching powder, etc., but the disinfection effect with ordinary vinegar is excellent, and the appropriate proportion is every cubic meter. Rice water 10 grams vinegar. Precautions: The soil and water quality in the pool must be weakly acidic with a pH of 5.5-7. A pH of greater than 7 must be improved. Failure to do so may result in production loss or even failure. Drain outlets must be provided around the pool to prevent rising of the water level in the rainy pond. The spawning platform leads to the death of chaos; the suction of the blisters on the smoother plane is stronger, so its escape prevention wall must be rough; the artificial breeding blisters should pay attention to adjust the water quality, especially when the density is large, the water must be changed timely. , maintain a certain amount of oxygen. 2, the choice of species and preparation before launch. Wide-body cashmere or fast-food leeches are preferred for artificial rearing. Due to its high medicinal composition, the variety is characterized by large size, rapid reproduction, rapid growth, easy feeding, strong disease resistance, and high yield. Body slightly spun cone. Flat and more fatty. The body length is 8-18 cm, and the back is usually dark green. There are six lines of black and light yellow stripes and one of them is thicker and longer. The color of the front of the pattern is lighter. On both sides of the body is a light-colored longitudinal band. Each side of the body has a thick and distinct yellow-brown and dark brown vertical pattern. In order to survive, the leeches must be physically strong, non-disabled, non-polluting, and lively. When they are touched by hand, they can quickly shrink into a mass of 10 grams or more. Before disinfestation, the seedlings shall be disinfected, a large plastic basin shall be taken, and a certain amount of 0.01% potassium permanganate solution shall be prepared and placed in pots. The blisters used for seeding shall be placed in pots for disinfection for 10 minutes and then put into preparation. Just keep the pool. 3, stocking density. 500-1000 pieces of water for every 100 square meters of water used for otters, and 10,000 for young cubs; 40 kilos of oysters for each type of water for polyculture of fish and otters. 1. Observe the activity of the otters. If the otters are found clustered in the lower part of the side wall of the pool and swim along the side walls to the middle and upper layers, they rarely swim out of the water. This is a signal of lack of oxygen in the water. Immediately increase the oxygen level or Change water 2. Observe whether the amount of plankton in the water is drastically reduced to decide whether or not to fertilize the water and stock more aquatic plants. Water hyacinths and duckweeds should be the mainstays, because the otters are afraid of direct sunlight. They are both the feed for snails and light shading for otters. Otters can also lay eggs on them. 3. The leeches shall not be put into the pond directly after the introduction, because the leeches themselves will produce a layer of mucous membrane as a protective layer during transportation. A cool, damp place should be chosen around the pond. Put the leeches there and make them natural. Climb into the pond to reduce death. 4, the harvest period is generally in October, the water leeches will be separated by large, medium and small, large to be filtered out and put back into the pool to stay as a water pod, the small should be kept in a pool to continue feeding In two years, they are raised to more than 15 grams for salvage, and the medium ones should be processed into dried products and sold immediately. 5. Remind everyone that the main traders currently trading in the drug market are the wide-body gold line, the triploid fast-growing water frog, and the price of seedlings is generally around 1-2 yuan. One item should be carefully introduced. 6, the management of early spring and late autumn: normal temperature water blisters generally in late April to early October activities, feeding, growth, and other times are in hibernation. In the early spring and late fall seasons, qualified breeding farms can use plastic films to cover the culture ponds and use sunlight to increase the water temperature, thereby prolonging the growth time of blisters for 3 months and increasing production by more than 40%. 25 kg of river otters and snails can be put into the water surface of each mu of mussels that are mixed with the fish. When feeding 2,000 quail species, no feed is needed. The natural reproduction of river otters and snails and various plankton in the pond can satisfy leeches. Normal consumption. Anesthesia Medical Co., Ltd. , http://www.sinoanesthesia.com
1. Leeches are commonly known as leech. According to the “Compendium of Materia Medica†record, because of the gold lines on both sides, they are also called golden lines and money. They are special aquatic animal products. They have many medicinal functions in medicine and can be treated as medicine. A variety of diseases. There is a type of hirudin in saliva, which is the world's strongest thrombin inhibitor. Hirudin inhibits thrombin, which prevents fibrinogens from forming fibrin, thereby inhibiting thrombus formation. Ancient use of this feature of mink, use it to suck the pus and blood of patients with trauma, to achieve the purpose of cleaning up congestion; Chinese medicine internal medicine will dry the body of the gun into medicine, treatment of lumps, blood stasis, amenorrhea, bruises and so on. Further studies in modern medicine have demonstrated that Minamata is used to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and have anti-cancer effects. Therefore, in recent years, with the continuous development of the medicinal scope of leeches, proprietary Chinese medicines that are formulated and manufactured with leeches, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, have gradually increased. Such as Shanxi, Jilin, Guangdong, Hong Kong, and other address pharmaceutical companies to use a large number of leeches production Xin Fukang thrombolytic capsule, instant dissolve Shuan Tang, Wufu Naoxinkang, Huoxue Tongmai capsules, Zhuyu Huoxue capsules and other treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases The medicines are constantly on the market.
4, the management of mink. Pre-spawning management: Prior to spawning, otters have a large amount of food. To make otters spawn more, each quail hatches more pups and needs to supply enough feed, in addition to supplying more leeches and snails. In class, fertilizers should be promptly applied to the water to promote the growth of plankton and aquatic plants in the water, so as to provide enough diversified feed to the otters, and excess feed for future larvae. Spawning period management: During the spawning season, leeches often climb out of the water at night and drill into the imaginary soil of a spawning platform specially designed for it to spawn. They should try their best to keep their environment quiet, so as not to disturb the otter's fleas. Causes empty space. During incubation, avoid walking around the platform to avoid stepping on the eggs. At the same time pay attention to maintaining the water level. If the water level is too low, the soil on the spawning platform will be too dry, causing the eggs to dry up and die. If the water level is too high, the spawning platform will be flooded and the eggs will die of hypoxia. Management of young cubs: larvae hatched in early days can be fed in 3 days. During this period, the food for cubs is mainly the blood and sap of river clams, snails, and plankton in the water. Because of the large amount of naïve hatches, the food in the water The consumption is very fast. In order to grow more plankton in the water, it is necessary to continuously apply fertilizer to the water. The method of top dressing is to put the sun dried chicken manure and cattle and sheep manure into the prepared woven bag and sink into the bottom of the water. As the larvae grow up, they can swallow the entire body of the river otters and snails. The food of the otters: In the case of artificial rearing, the main foods are the river otters, snails, and plankton in the water. Food Proportioning Supplement: Feeding amount depends on the number of breeding stocks, and 250 g live snails and river clams are put in water per square meter so that it can grow and supply water. In addition, otters are not strict with water quality, but due to the high density of artificial breeding, it is best to keep the water fresh, and the water temperature should be kept between 15-30°C. The feeding was stopped below 10°C, and growth was affected above 30°C. During the period of August-August, the water temperature should be high and attention should be paid to changing the water.
Fourth, Mink breeding matters needing attention