Release date: 2015-08-10 "Warfarin is highly sensitive, the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene is inactivated, and the risk of suffering from Alzheimer's disease is 8%, which is twice that of normal people........" I believe most people will faint after reading the above book. Yes, they come from a genetic test report that “does not speak humanâ€. In recent years, the development of the genetic industry can be described as "undercurrent". Last year, Illumina, the leader in the field of gene sequencing equipment, sold the price of human whole-genome sequencing to $1,000. In the personal genetic testing market, 23andme also launched a $99 testing service. The domestic gene market is also quite lively. In addition to the old-fashioned powerhouses such as Huada, a large number of genetic testing and service companies in the sub-sectors have also done well. However, compared with the fiery industry ecology, the gene consumption market is still in the ice sea. There are three reasons for this: People who don't know about genetic testing don't know how to use this thing? People who do genetic testing can't read the report. Is it true that the people who read it don’t know what to do? The first of these three questions can be changed by long-term user education, but the latter two need the help of a group of professionals who are legendary. Genetic counselor. The basic process of genetic testing is: access to samples, genetic testing, data analysis, report interpretation and genetic counseling, and finally into health management. Located downstream of the genetic testing industry chain, genetic counseling services are a direct service to customers and a key step in delivering the value of gene sequencing. Then let's see if this profession is dry. In order to facilitate everyone's understanding, we first have two concepts: single-gene disease and multi-gene disease. A single-gene disease is controlled by a gene (a disease-causing gene) whose mutation is directly related to the disease. For example, the common lactose intolerance, because the gene that digests lactose is hanged, there is no way to digest lactose. Polygenic genetic diseases are complicated, and the diseases associated with them are controlled by multiple genes (many susceptibility genes), and they are affected by the environment. Therefore, we can only calculate the probability of disease by statistics. Will introduce the calculation method). Such as cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases. For example, everyone knows that movie star Julie has undergone a mastectomy because her doctor told her that her BRCA1 mutation has a 87% chance of developing breast cancer. So how is this probability calculated? What is the specific meaning? In the face of this report, Julie's genetic counselor will probably tell her this: Current research indicates that mutations in the two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with the onset of breast cancer, in populations without these two genetic mutations. (There may be other genetic mutations), the incidence of breast cancer is about 12% (100 normal women live to 70 years old, 12 of them have breast cancer). In women with BRCA1 mutations, the incidence of breast cancer is 55% to 65%; in women with BRCA2 mutations, the incidence of breast cancer is 45%. At the same time, studies have shown that the BRCA1 gene mutation carriers with a family history of breast cancer, the risk of individual disease will rise to 87%, we all know that Julie's aunt died of breast cancer. Let us look at another example. Phenylketonuria is a relatively common genetic disease. For example, your genetic test report shows that you are a carrier of phenylketonuria disease. What should I do? Looks terrible. If you have a genetic counselor at this time, she will probably tell you this: Phenylketonuria is a single-gene recessive genetic disease that carries the disease-causing gene and does not get sick, but Will affect the health of the next generation. If your spouse is not a carrier, your child will not suffer from this disease; if your spouse is a carrier like you, the prevalence of future children will increase to 25%. To sum up, the work of the genetic counselor includes: giving the most suitable genetic testing product recommendations based on the user's family history, medical history and testing purposes; comprehensive testing reports and all available information to assess the probability of disease occurrence or recurrence To teach the knowledge of disease inheritance, detection, management, prevention, etc.; to help the subject make the right choice, to rationally face the risk of the disease, and to divert the psychological problems that the test result may have on the subject. Having said that, you may ask: Is there a profession now? In fact, the industry in the United States is relatively mature, or certified genetic counselors can work in hospitals or in genetic testing companies. Of course, they can also Opened independently. In China, this industry has just begun. As one of the early companies to start genetic testing in China, Huada Gene has conducted genetic counseling training as early as 2014. At present, Huada has launched the Muxu online education platform and established a three-level certification system for genetic counseling, which is divided into: genetic counselor training for non-clinical doctors, specialist genetic counselor training for specialists, and general genetic counselor. Academic education. In addition, on February 9, 2015, the Genetics Advisory Branch of the Chinese Genetic Society was announced. Based on the model of the United States, it established its own genetic counseling training system. The training and certification system of the Genetics Advisory Branch of the Chinese Genetic Society is divided into two categories: genetic counselors and medical geneticists. Therefore, starting this year, a number of genetic counselors will appear in China. Here, you may see that the problem comes. In addition to the professional certification threshold, the self-cultivation of a genetic counselor also includes: rich professional knowledge, long-term work experience, excellent communication skills, and of course, the same reason heart. Due to the serious information asymmetry, users are in an absolutely weak position in the ability to identify information. So just like the title of this article: Maybe we need a friend-type genetic counselor in the future. At the end of the article, we still need to solve another doubt for everyone: To say so much, the prediction of disease detection by genetic testing is not reliable. Similarly, we give you an example. A few years ago, Francis S. Collins, Dean of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), tried several genetic testing organizations. The test results have puzzled the chief scientist of the International Human Genome Project. The three test reports showed considerable differences in the prediction of the risk of prostate cancer in Francis S. Collins: 23 and Me reports indicate that the risk is below average; deCODE reports that the probability of illness is slightly above average; Navigenics predicts that prostate cancer is 40% more likely than average. After careful comparison, 23andMe detected five known mutations in prostate cancer; 13 were detected by deCODE; and 9 were detected by Navigenics. But in fact, studies at the time showed that there were 16 mutations associated with prostate cancer, and no company detected all the sites. However, how many genetic loci are detected is only an appearance. On a deeper level, we also need to look at the contribution of each susceptible gene in the pathogenesis of the disease. This requires more in-depth research and larger sample accumulation. In addition, polygenic diseases are greatly affected by the external environment and personal living habits, which further increases the difficulty of prediction. Therefore, we will helplessly see that in many corners of the website, many genetic testing companies have such a statement: the test results can not be used for any clinical use, only for self-learning genetic related knowledge and entertainment! This is a statement of confusion and uneasiness for users! Perhaps this new technology will only be truly recognized by the market until the benefits of genetic testing are far greater than the confusion and panic caused by its uncertainty. Source: Singularity Network Botanical Extract refers to the material extracted or processed from plants (all or part of plants) with appropriate solvents or methods, which can be used in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, health industry, beauty industry and other industries. 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