Release date: 2015-10-12

Being an elephant is a very risky thing. I (original author) is not talking about poaching, habitat loss, or being beaten with males in a violent state. Here is just a simple fact about survival. Every time an elephant cell divides, there is a risk of running chaos and even developing into an uncontrolled tumor. The number of cells in elephants is 100 times that of humans, and their risk of cancer should be 100 times higher. Too many errors are waiting to be triggered.

In reality, with such a large body and amazing life expectancy, the mortality rate of elephants in the animal kingdom is the lowest: only 4.8%, while people are between 11% and 25%. How did that happen?

Scientists and children's hospitals at the Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah School of Medicine found the answer and were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on Thursday. Another team of researchers at the University of Chicago also published related papers this week. Studies have shown that elephants have evolved some clever mechanisms to prevent cancer. Understanding their cytoprotection may help us understand how humans can suppress cancer.

There are countless forms of cell division errors. That's why your cells are equipped with a range of repair enzymes, the only purpose being to prevent or fix genetic errors. These cells replicate and edit each new DNA to identify errors and fix errors to ensure your DNA remains fresh, clean and functional. In the human body, one of these enzymes can repair 1000 different types of errors. It can't be too cold.

Elephants are superior. In the study of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the researchers first compared the cancer incidence of the entire animal kingdom and found that compared to the elephant's body, their cancer rate was almost absent. (Other animals also performed very well. In contrast, the rock mushroom has a cancer mortality rate of 1%, African wild dogs are 8%, and lions are 2%.) Then they searched the elephant's genome for investigation. The reason is gone.

The answer lies in an important tumor suppressor protein called the "Geneguards" p53. Compared to humans, elephants can produce much more genes for this protein: 38 VS 2. The result is an excellent genetic safety net that corrects errors and ensures that damaged, susceptible tumor cells are killed in the bud. The authors write that “a large tonnage, an extended life span, and an adult elephant with reproductive advantages will choose an effective way to suppress and prevent cancer.”

To investigate how these genes inhibit tumors, the researchers worked with the Utah Wildlife Park and Ringling Bros. The Elephant Conservation Center separates the elephant's cells for cancer triggering. (No elephants are hurt, all are done during routine health checks.) When they compare elephant cells and human cells, they discover the magical thing: the damaged cells of the elephant are more likely to commit suicide, ie The cells are dying, avoiding the transmission of errors to other cells. This is extremely effective, even cruel, to protect the system of living things at all costs.

I will see the elephant in the wild in the future. Please stay humble rather than high. It may not be that their strong body makes them feel sensitive. And everything we can't see: from their advanced memories, longevity, to the individual cells in them, they are selfless and willing to die for the most benefit. In the fight against cancer, we still have a lot to learn.

Source: Omelette

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