Ammonia treatment straw is a commonly used method of processing straw. After ammoniated straw treatment, texture is soft, palatability is increased, and digestibility is improved. The main ammonia sources of straw ammoniation are liquid ammonia, ammonia, urea and ammonium bicarbonate. Although liquid ammonia is the most economical ammonia source, it must be stored and transported in a high-pressure vessel. The one-time investment is large, and it is poisonous and explosive. There is little application in production. Urea: The nitrogen content is 46.67%, which can be decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide under the suitable temperature and urease action. The ammonia produced can ammify the straw. The dosage is 3-5% of the dry weight of straw. Urea ammoniation is easy and effective. Ammonium bicarbonate: 15-17% nitrogen content. The dosage is 14-19% of the dry mass of straw. Since ammonium bicarbonate is not completely decomposed at low temperatures, the effect of cold ammoxidation is not good, but in the rainy season in the south, the ammoniated mildew is less. The moisture content of straw: If ammoniated with solid ammonia such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate, it needs to be hydrolyzed with water, and straw is required to have a certain moisture content, generally 30-40%. The ammoniating method can be divided into two types according to the processing temperature: First, the high-temperature rapid amination method, that is ammoniation furnace ammoxidation method, uses a high temperature above 85°C for 24 hours, and the ammonia source is liquid ammonia or carbon ammonia, suitable for Mechanized factory processing, large-scale ranch can be used, but the investment is large, agricultural products do not apply; the second is the normal temperature ammoniation method, mainly stacking method, cellar method and plastic bag method. Stacking method: Material preparation 1 Plastic film requirements. Non-toxic, anti-aging and good sealing, thickness of about 0.12 mm. The size of the film can be calculated according to the size of the crucible: base film length (width) = width (width) + 0.6 meters, mask length (width) = width (width) + height 2+0.5 meters. 2 straw tied or short. Straw used for raising sheep should be chopped or crushed and 2-3 cm in length. Amination step: Select a high-lying, dry and flat plot of land and spread a nontoxic film; stack chopped or baled straw, and during the stacking process, adjust the moisture content of the straw to 20% or more; Streak the straw while cutting the side of the straw and squeeze the ammonia solution until it is tight. Ammonia injection can be used after bundles of straw are piled. The overlaying plastic film is aligned with the bottom edge film, folded up from the bottom up, and compacted with soil. Cellar method: The cellar method is the most practical, relatively low cost, easy to manage, and can save the amount of film. The cement pit can be reused for many years, and the straw weight can also be easily determined. Building a cellar with a rectangular shape is better. It can be built on the ground, in the ground, or on half of the ground in half of the ground. If a partition wall is built in the middle of a cellar, it is better to use a double-joint pool, and it can be processed in rotation. The method is to first chop the straw into 2 centimeters, use 5 kilograms of urea and 50-60 kilograms of water for every 100 kilograms of straw, dissolve the urea in water and stir it until it is completely melted and sprinkle it evenly on the straw several times before entering the pit. Or after spraying. Install the cellar on the side while pressing it. After it is full, cover it with a plastic film and compact it with fine soil. In the ammoniation process, it is best to add urease-enriched substances such as soybean meal, but the urease content of corn stover is higher than that of other straws, and urease may not be added. In addition to requiring the straw to be chopped and kneaded, the plastic bag method is similar to the stacking method and is particularly suitable for farmers who have few sheep. Preservation and utilization: Ammoniated straw can be stored for a long period of time in pots and pits. As long as the plastic film is not broken or leaks ammonia, it will not be mold and spoilage. After the ammoniation expires, you can open the retort (cellar, bag). The liquid ammonia-treated straw is usually aired 1-2 days in advance, and can be fed by letting away the residual ammonia. Straw treated with urea or other ammonia sources has a high moisture content and should be fully air-dried. After drying, it should be restacked or placed in a straw shed for use in order to prevent wind and rain from causing nutrient losses. Before the ammoniated straw is fed, net ammonia must be released. When the straw is fed, the amount of ammonia is increased from less to more, and less to the ground. Generally, one week of training can be freely fed. Ammoniated straw alone can maintain the life activities of the sheep, but the growth of sheep and pregnant, nursing ewes, rams, etc. need to be fed properly in order to achieve better results.
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