200. What are the characteristics of walnut branches? What is the relationship with plastic pruning? Walnut is a deciduous tree with a tall tree, a well-developed root system, and a long life span. The 200-year-old tree can also produce flowering results. The walnuts are more pleasing to the eye, with obvious layers, low germination rate, weak branching ability, and strong natural regeneration ability. The canopy is open and mostly round-headed. The evacuation layered and natural happy-shape are used in production. The top buds of the shoots are hypertrophic, full, and the new shoots grow strongly and rarely occur branches. Therefore, after 2-3 years of colonization, when the plants had a certain branching, they began to prune as required by the tree structure. After 4-5 years of life, the growth rate of the aboveground part is accelerating, and the number of branches gradually increases. By the time of 10 years, the backbone can be basically formed. The branching angle of branches is large, and the branches of adult trees grow more laterally. By the time of full fruit, the branches tend to sag. Therefore, the walnut trees should not be set too low, and the backbone branches at all levels should also be kept at a high level to ensure proper space for the branches to hang down. In addition, the back branches of walnuts have strong growth force, allowing them to naturally grow more than the original head and form a phenomenon of “pulling branchesâ€, and the growth of the back branches must be strictly controlled during pruning. An annual branch of walnut has a large pith part, which is easy to lose water after injury, and the wound is not easy to heal. After cutting, it will cause branches to dry up. Therefore, the annual branches of walnut should not be short-cut. The top of the walnut has a strong advantage. Generally, 2-3 lateral buds at the top of the strong branch can sprout and branch; only weak buds can sprout and branch; the lower lateral buds can germinate, but have bad growth and often wither; Does not germinate, the formation of hidden buds. Therefore, the base of a large branch of a walnut tree is easy to be bald and the interior of the canopy is empty, and the resulting site is shifted outward. 201. Walnut branch, bud type how to divide? According to the nature of the buds, the buds of walnuts include leaf buds, female flower buds, male flower buds and hidden buds. The female flower buds of walnuts are born in the top 1-3 sections of the shoots. They are mixed buds, and the buds are hypertrophic, round and tightly packed on the scales; after the germination, the stems are drawn and the results are on the top of the branches. Male flower buds are pure flower buds, conical, with very small scales. They do not cover the bud and are bare buds. They are soft yellow, and they are born on the thin, weak branches of the branches. Buds at the base usually do not germinate and become buds. According to the location of growth can be divided into top buds and lateral buds. The top buds of walnuts are true buds and pseudo-tip buds. Where the female flower is the last, the bud formed by the growth point at the top of the branch is the true apical bud; the female of the enrolled female flower (the result branch) has the pseudo bud. The lateral buds of walnuts are the multiple buds arranged up and down, the upper buds are the secondary buds and the lower buds are the main buds. The branches of walnuts have fruiting branches, resulting mother branches, developing branches, male flowering branches and leggy branches (Fig. 1). The branch bearing the fruit is the result branch, and the branch bearing the result branch is the result parent branch. As a result, the upper part of the female branch bears the female buds in the upper part. Walnut results in three types: long, medium and short. Length of more than 15 cm, the transverse diameter of 10 mm or more is the long-term result of the mother branch; length 7-15 cm, diameter 8-10 mm is the mother of the results; less than 7 cm in length, less than 8 mm in diameter is Short result mother branch. The results from the results of the mother-branch branch were the best; less than 5 cm in length resulted in weak growth of the mother branch and low strength of the knot. Only shoots that grow long, leaves that are not the result of development are shoots. Developmental branches are the basis for the expansion of the crown and the resulting mother shoots. The following 3-5 lateral shoots of the robust developing shoot buds can germinate and shoot; lateral buds of weakly developed shoots and some cannot germinate. The male flower branch of walnut is a thin and weak branch of about 6 cm, the top bud is a leaf bud, and the lateral bud is a male flower bud, and such a branch is easily dried up. The length of leggy branches is more than 50 cm. It grows vigorously, internodes are longer, and it is not fulfilled. Most of them occur within the canopy. 202. What are the results of walnuts habits? After walnuts are planted, the results usually start in 5-6 years, and fruitful in 20 years. The economic result can reach 100 years or more. The early and late results of walnuts are also related to varieties and cultivation techniques. Early walnuts and grafted walnuts can be seen in 2-3 years, while late-real walnuts and raw walnuts are 8-10 years old. The result of a strong and robust mother tree has a continuous result of the habit, and a weak growth phenomenon results in a phenomenon of another year. Walnuts are male and female plants with different flowers. The opening time of female flowers and male flowers in the same plant is also inconsistent, that is, male and female heterosexuality. Walnut male and female flowering period can be divided into male first type, female first type and contemporaneous type three, but the same type is rare. Therefore, self-pollination of walnuts is difficult, and planting requires planting of pollinated trees. The initial results of young walnut trees are more common than female or male flowers, and should be pollinated artificially. As the age of the tree increases and the yield increases, the male flowers also increase year by year. In the fruit period, the large walnut trees have more male flowers than female flowers. 203. Walnut evacuation layered tree structure how Xiang? The evacuated layered crowns are large, the skeletons are firm, the load is large, ventilation and light transmission, and the service life is long. They are suitable for strong dry, more upright varieties, and are used under conditions of large row spacing and good site conditions. Walnut evacuation layered generally dry high 1-1.5 meters, the main branch 5-7, divided into 2-3 layers. The first floor has 2-4 main branches, the second floor has 2 main branches, and the third floor has 1 main branch. The distance between the first and second floors is 1.5-2 meters. The distance between the 2nd and 3rd floors is 1 meter. The first layer is 40 to 50 centimeters in distance, and the second layer is 20 to 30 centimeters in distance. The first layer leaves two lateral branches per main branch, the second layer leaves two lateral branches per main branch, and the third main branch leaves one lateral branch. The first branch on the main branch was 1 meter away from the center; the second branch on the opposite side of the first branch was 60 centimeters from the first branch; the third branch was on the same side of the first branch and was 1 meter from the second branch. The horizontal angles of the three main branches of the base are 120 degrees, and the main branches of 2-3 layers should be left empty to prevent overlapping of the main branches above and below. The vertical angle of each main branch is generally 60 degrees, and the branch angle of the lateral branch and main branch is about 50 degrees. 204. What is the structure of the walnut-shaped tree? The happy tree has no center dryness, and has good ventilation and light transmission. The arrangement of the backbone sticks is flexible, easy to form, easy to manage, and the result is early; it is suitable for sites with poor site conditions, poor soil, and relatively open varieties. Walnuts naturally have 2 to 3 main branches selected for the happy shape, the main branch is born on the trunk, and the vertical angle can be smaller than the evacuation layered shape. Each main branch is equipped with 2-3 lateral branches, good site conditions can be appropriate to stay more l-2. The first lateral branch is 80-lO0 cm from the trunk, and the second lateral branch is on the opposite side of the first lateral branch, 50 cm from the first lateral branch. The third side branch is in the same direction as the first side branch and is 80-1000 centimeters away from the second side branch. When there are more than three main branches, the lateral branches should be left as few as possible, usually 1-2, or they may leave no side branches, leaving only large branch groups. If there are too many collaterals, the illumination will be poor, affecting the occurrence and growth of the branchlets, and the resulting sites will shift outward and the yield will be reduced. 205. Why can't walnuts be trimmed during dormancy? The pruning time of walnuts is different from other fruit trees. Dormant walnut trees have a bad flow. If the branches are injured during this period, the sap from the tree body will flow out of the wound to cause loss of nutrients. The light will cause the tree vigor to become weak, and the severe one will cause the branches to dry or the entire plant to die. Therefore, walnuts cannot be trimmed during dormancy. The best period for walnut trimming is after harvesting until the leaves turn yellow. At this time, trimming will not cause injury and the wound will heal quickly. In addition, pruning can also be carried out after the walnut is spread to 1 cm in diameter, but young fruit and young leaves are easily damaged. 206. Nuclear pick saplings how to trim? Because of site conditions and varieties, the height of the walnuts is not the same. Dry, strong, more upright varieties, if the site conditions are good, adequate fertilizer, or fruit intercropping, the height should be properly increased, can be left 1.5-2 meters; the other hand, the more open varieties, poor site conditions Under the circumstances, the dry height can be about 1 meter. The young saplings of walnuts grow slowly. Planting 2-3 years may not be pruned. When there is a certain branching, select the upright and upright Zhuangzhi as the center stem, and choose the direction in the plastic band to be good, the vertical angle is suitable, the neighboring, and the growth are similar. One Zhuang Zhi as the first main branch. The rest of the branches are kept as much as possible without affecting the growth of the main branch, and they are used to control the branching potential to advance the results and support the tree. About 2 years after planting, the main branch of the second layer was selected and the main branch of the third layer was left afterwards. The main branches of each floor shall be selected and left blank to prevent overlapping of the top and bottom. When selecting the main branch, attention should be paid to selecting and maintaining the lateral branch. Lateral shoots generally use outward oblique stems. The back branches should not be selected as collateral branches; the branch angle between lateral branches and main branches is generally about 50 degrees. In order to prevent "sucking the neck", do not leave the door side. The first side branch can not be less than 1 meter away from the center. 207. Why can't the backside of walnuts be used as a side-effect? ​​How do you control the backside? The branching angle of walnut branches is large, the lower buds on the horizontal branches are more abundant than the upper buds and lateral buds, and the growth potential after the shade is strong. In this way, the growth of the back branches often exceeds the height of the original head, causing the owner to never distinguish, and the branches of the crowns are disordered; they should be strictly controlled and cannot be used as side branches. If the original head has weakened, the back of the branch is strong, and the direction and angle are appropriate. When the back branches are similar to the original branches, the back branches should be removed in time. If the growth of the back branches is weak or has become a flower, it can be transformed into a result branch, but it must be strictly controlled. 208. How does the first result of the walnut tree pruned? Walnuts can enter the first fruit period 2–3 years or 5–6 years after transplanting, or even 8–10 years. The skeleton of the tree is basically formed at this time, but it is not yet aligned. The vegetative growth is still strong, the branches are stout, the buds are full, the branching is strong, the canopy expands rapidly, the resulting area increases significantly, and the production increases year by year. The main task of pruning is to continue the cultivation of the main and lateral branches as required by the tree, so that the skeleton is firm and balanced; the result nuclear group is also planned. Walnuts in the initial result period should strictly control the back branches so as not to disturb the tree shape. In the premise of not affecting the growth of the backbone, as much as possible to maintain auxiliary support to supplement the space and increase early production. The method of pruning the auxiliary branches is to keep them strong, or to put them back first, shrink them and combine them as much as possible, so that the growth branches of the early fruit trees are particularly strong, easily disturbing the tree shape, and are not easy to cultivate. Branches should be removed when pruning. For non-backbone general branches, the strong ones are sparsely removed; the weaker ones are reserved to increase the nutritional area and gradually removed after the tree potential is eased. In combination with the pruning of auxiliary cultivation techniques, it is necessary to planably equip the results with the branch groups. Generally, 80-100 centimeters of large trees are left with a large result branch group, about 60 centimeters are left with a medium-sized result branch group, and about 40 centimeters are left with a small result branch group. 209. What are the pruning tasks of walnut trees in Shengguo period? Walnut generally enters the full fruit period around 20 years old, and if the cultivation conditions are good, it can be maintained for about 40 years. During this period, the canopy was formed, the tree posture gradually opened, and the output increased year by year. As the yield increased, the canopy continued to open, the growth of tree vigor moderated, and the rate of expansion of the canopy slowed down and gradually ceased; due to years of extension, the lower and outer shoots began to droop and the resulting parts moved outward. The number of peripheral shoots increased, the air in the canopy was poorly ventilated, and the internal branchlets withered. The base of the main branch began to become bald. The main task of pruning is to regulate the relationship between growth and results, deal with auxiliary and pendulous branches, retract peripheral branches, sparse and dense branches and thin and weak branches, in order to maintain good ventilation and light conditions, maintain a robust tree vigor and achieve high yield. The purpose of stabilizing production and extending the age of full fruit period. 210. How are the pruning branches and supporting branches of walnut trees during fruit period? The walnut trees in full fruit period should use the trigeminal branches to fall year by year, and finally fall to replace the original head with the top branch. If the main branches need to expand the crown, they should maintain the growth of the branches; timely control of the back branches. When two adjacent trees are close to one another, their elongation can be controlled by repeated head replacement. For the main lateral branch that extends too long, grows weak, and begins to droop at the apex, the strong branches can be retracted at the obliquely upward position to raise the branch angle and enhance its growth potential. The pruning of auxiliary branches on the tree during fruit period adopts the principles of stay, change, and sparse. Ancillary cultures with space that does not affect the growth of the stems can be temporarily retained, which will result in an increase in yield. If there is a certain space, it can be retracted and transformed into a fruiting group; if the axillae have affected the growth of the shoots, It should be removed. However, it is not advisable to remove large-scale auxiliary branches at one time. To stage them in stages, they may be retracted at the branches to prevent excessive shoot length due to excessive retraction. In short: the survival of auxiliary branches does not affect the growth of the central stem and the main lateral branches; the impact of small and small, the impact of large and many go, seriously affecting all cut off. 211. How to cultivate walnut branch groups? The results of the walnut tree branch plan from the initial results must be planned and cultivated. A ship adopts the method of putting and shrinking first, that is, selecting strong branches in the proper part of the crown, and thinning the weak branches around them. After the remaining branches are branched, they are retracted, which promotes thickening and lateral movement. Expand, increase the amount of branches, and make their results. The position of the branch group should be selected on the anticline side of the main lateral branch and the upper part of the back, generally without the back branch. The results of the cultivation of the branches and groups should be properly equipped and distributed evenly. Leave a large result branch group every 100 centimeters or so, leave a middle result branch group about 60 centimeters, and leave one small branch group for 40 centimeters. The large and medium-sized branches of big trees in fruiting period are mostly transformed from Dazhong auxiliary branch on the branch; the middle and small branch groups are mostly strong branching branches to stay weak and stay straight. Flat culture formation. As a result, the pruning of branches is to retract or eliminate the impact of light and growth; for many consecutive years, the branches that have weakened growth should be rejuvenated, ie, they should be weak, stay strong, stay old, and stay sagging. The method of leaving students inclined to maintain their strong growth. For large and medium-sized fruit trees, they must control their growth and limit their excessive extension. In the lower part, they should prepare the twigs. After the front part becomes weaker, they should be retracted in time to make them rejuvenate. 212. How to deal with drooping branches, peripheral branches and leggy branches? With the increase of tree age and the increase of yield, the canopy gradually opened, and the drooping branches increased year by year. Some of the long-term unprocessed, many years of extension of the back branches also form with the opening of the crown of the drooping branches. These drooping branches have strong growth potential; their tissues are not full, and they have poor ability to consume more nutrients. The treatment method is that the vigorously drooping shoots can be cut off from the base or cut off the strong branches on the drooping branches to weaken the growth potential; if the moderately drooping shoots have plump flower buds, they can be temporarily retained and transformed into fruiting groups. The debilitating pendulous branches can be retracted, raised up and rejuvenated; those who grow too weak to be removed. Due to the continuous expansion of the canopy, various branches grow and continue to branch over the years. In the fruiting period, peripheral branches often appear dense, overlapping, and overlapping, which causes poor lighting in the interior. Such branches should be sparse or retracted, especially the male flower branches, thin branches and dried branches should be promptly removed. The walnut trees that entered the full fruit period will sprout a large number of leggy branches due to weakening peripheral branch growth. These branches not only consume large amounts of nutrients, but also disturb the tree shape and even form long trees on the trees, affecting the ventilation and light transmission. If handled properly, rational use can complement the space and increase production. There must be space for the leggy branches that have been transformed and used. Appropriate orientation, full and robust growth. Overly strong, upright leggy branches must be weakened if they need to be transformed and used; for example, changing their growth direction, adopting summer topping, and cutting in autumn at the spring shoots with caps, etc., to promote branching. , ease growth. The budding growth branches can be cultivated into fruiting branches by first putting them back and shrinking. 213. What are the performances of aging walnut trees and how to trim them? After many years of large-scale results, walnuts gradually show signs of ageing: dry branchlets, bald guilt, peripheral ptosis, new shoots growing shorter, tips at the tip of the main branch, even large branches withered, crowns gradually shrinking, and the middle and lower branches of the stems germinate. With a large number of leggy branches, the output has fallen sharply and even has been lost. Walnut's natural regeneration ability is very strong. In order to prolong the result of years and increase the tree vigor, the aging walnut tree should be updated and rejuvenated. The old tree is also known as the new tree, and it is divided into major tasks and small businesses. The small updates are cultivated in the upper and middle branches of large branches with good orientation and good branches or leggy branches, and they are retracted at all levels of the skeleton branches. When the renewed branches are stronger than the original ones, the original head is gradually sawed out. As a result, the branches and branches must be retracted accordingly, raising the angle and making them rejuvenate. This method of pruning is light, the tree vigor is restored quickly, and it will not cause a significant drop in production. The old trees that are extremely debilitating and have severe Jiaozuo should undergo a major update, that is, they should be sawn at the middle and lower parts of the backbone branches to make them re-form the canopy. This kind of renewal has a large amount of pruning, a slow recovery of tree vigor, and a large impact on production. It is a rescue measure that has to be carried out in a last resort. The renewal of nuclear picking, whether small or large, is carried out under the premise of strengthening the management of fertilizers and waters. Otherwise, the results will be poor and even result in dead trees. 214. How to change walnut trees? For walnut trees that grow for many years and are not pruned, they are generally characterized by tree-like disorder, densely twigs, many whorls, overlapping and congruent branches, large branchlets, few branchlets, many peripheral branches, bald guilt, and the result is that the parts are moved outwards and are airy. Poor light conditions, peripheral Jiaozuo, large branches withered phenomenon, tree weakness, severe diseases and insect pests, low yield, serious in size. Rebuilding large trees for letting grow depends on tree age, tree vigor, site conditions, etc. Because the trees are pruned, they are shaped according to the branches, and they are handled flexibly. Gradually, the fertilizer and water management and pest control must be strengthened. Generally, in three steps, the first step is to solve the problem of ventilation and light transmission, to eliminate large branches and open the interlayer; the second step is to deal with peripheral branches and medium branches, and the third step is to cultivate and rejuvenate the results. Branches. 215. How to trim into the growing walnut tree? In view of the growth characteristics of the walnut tree, it is first necessary to eliminate part of the round shoots, overlapping branches, and branches and cross branches, remove dry and dead branches, disease and insect branches, and adjust the tree shape, the center is clear, and the growth potential is also good. Can be transformed into evacuation layered. However, although there are many large branches of trees that are generally allowed to grow, and the center stems are all weak, it is better that most trees are transformed into multi-master branches. The large branches chosen for election should be evenly distributed and not affect each other, which is beneficial to the deployment of side branches. The large branches to be treated can be removed in batches in stages, retracted or transformed into the result branches first, and then gradually processed. After the large branches are arranged, the medium-sized branches on the large branches that are selected (at the same time when a certain number of side branches are left) must also be properly debrided or retracted so as to open the level and light them up, prompting the internal branches to sprout new branches. The pendulous branches around the canopy, the fine shoots and the thin and weak branches should be retracted at good branches to raise the angle and enhance the tree vigor. At the same time, the thin and weak branches, the pests and branches, the dense branches and the dry branches should be removed. To reduce the consumption of nutrients. The transformed walnut tree, the budded shoots in the bud, must be planned and transformed into the resulting branches. We are a manufacturer and supplier of raw materials and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. Our focus is on providing customers with high quality, fair priced products, coupled with our broad range of technical know-hows on fundamentals, vast industrial experience on applications, professional expertise on health and safety, and efficient logistics on customer services. Our intermediates products range covers many different kinds of API, we have established good market for our intermediates in India, Korea and EU. Besides the products of Ziprasidone Intermediates, Ibrutinib Intermediates, Lcz696 Intermediates , Palbociclib Intermediates and Tazobactam intermediates, we have other strong intermediates like Tazobactam Intermediate with CAS No. 288-36-8.
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