1. Factor analysis 1.1 Improper management of water and fertilizer, and investigation of growth and physiological disorders found that improper management of water and fertilizers resulted in vegetative growth and imbalance of reproductive growth, which were important factors in the formation of watermelon pods, melons and melons. Inappropriate management methods mainly include watering and topdressing prematurely, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, too little pressure, too strong nutrient growth, inhibition of watermelon enlargement, excessive dryness of the soil during the expansion period, inappropriate retention of watermelons and fruiting Too much, making the nutrition too dispersed, causing nutrient reflux in severe cases, incomplete development of watermelon. Insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, especially in the absence of potassium fertilizer during the expansion period of watermelons, can result in severe normal expansion of the watermelon and normal plant growth when insufficient supply of some important trace elements in the soil is insufficient. In addition, excessive density, excessive vines, improper pruning methods, organic base fertilizers that are not fully decomposed, or excessive nitrogen fertilizers, such as roots and roots, can cause normal growth and development disorders, affecting the expansion of watermelons. 1.2 Excessive temperature changes, poor pollination and fertilization Due to the weather, the phenomenon of not sitting or meloning is also very common, especially in the early spring greenhouse or small shed cultivation on the surface: more prominent. The optimum temperature for the growth and development of watermelons is 15 to 35°C and 28 to 30°C, and 15°C and 40°C or more will lead to fertility disorders. In the flowering period, rain, low temperature, and lack of timely artificial pollination, will directly affect the sitting and normal expansion. The temperature in the greenhouse suddenly changes, the temperature difference between day and night exceeds 15°C, or the conditions in the booth are poor, the humidity is too high, the pollination and fertilization is poor, the melons frequently move during field management, the hair on the surface of the young melon flies off, the roots and vines are damaged, and nutrient transport occurs. Unsmoothness can also cause the watermelon to fall off or not expand normally. 1.3 Severe diseases and pests occur. If the growth and development are seriously affected, the normal growth and development of watermelon plants will be hindered, and the nutrient transport will be inhibited. The pathogens or viruses will infect, making them unable to expand normally or suffer from shedding. Watercress, blight, root rot and other diseases of watermelon damage the normal division of the plant's transduced tissue, resulting in abnormal growth of plants and watermelons; diseases such as anthrax, blight, leaf spot, etc. will cause leaves, stems, and fruits The tissue is necrotic due to infection, and it is difficult for watermelon to grow and expand normally. Watermelon melons, red spiders and other pests suck the leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit juices to cause harm, so that the nutrition supply of plants is hindered, resulting in malformed watermelons and incapable of normal expansion. 1.4 sitting improper melon section, the normal expansion of the seated melon section is too much on the front or by the back, but also affect the normal expansion of fruit an important factor, especially in some varieties of female flower formation ability is weak, it is difficult to grasp when staying melon, it is easy to cause The result is located at the back of the body and is not sufficiently nutrient when inflated, and is normally blocked from swelling. 2. Countermeasures 2.1 Reasonable irrigation and fertilization, maintaining the balance of growth The watermelon plants need more water during the entire growth and development process, but there are two periods of moisture sensitivity: First, before and after the opening of the female flowers, if the water is insufficient, the female ovary is small and the development is bad; Excessive, it is easy to prosper, when the water shortage can be poured 1 times. The second is the lack of water during the expansion of the watermelon, affect swelling, a small fruit, high incidence of deformed fruit. Although the water requirement of the watermelon plant is large, it prefers drier climatic conditions. If the field does not drain well or is flooded too much, the root system will suffocate due to lack of oxygen. The demand of nutrients for watermelon is also very large. In the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, potassium is the most needed, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The ratio of the three is 1:0.25:1.2. Diammonium 10 kg. The application of organic fertilizers and trace elements is essential to improving the quality of watermelons, increasing yields, and promoting normal expansion. 2.2 adjust the appropriate temperature, timely artificial pollination, sudden changes in temperature can easily cause the fruit drop or affect the normal expansion of watermelon, open field production available Gualou or grass cover melon, timely moderation melon, improve the field permeability environment; winter or early spring cultivation of watermelon, to strengthen the greenhouse Or temperature and lighting management within the arch, and cover grasshoppers as needed, the temperature during flowering is not lower than 15 °C, and artificial pollination is performed timely. When the watermelon begins to enlarge, if the nutrition grows too vigorously, you can gently squeeze the vine after the next section to control the prosperous, pay attention to the side branches of watermelon do not remove, in order to ensure the immediate transportation of nutrition, promote watermelon enlargement. 2.3 to strengthen disease prevention and pest control, to protect more robust growing watermelon disease, mainly seedling damping-off disease, blight, blight, disease, virus disease, powdery mildew and downy mildew. The occurrence of damping-off of seedlings is mainly due to high seedbed temperature and poor permeability. The prevention and control method is to select land plots with high topography, reduce humidity and dilute sowing, use 40% formalin disinfectant before sowing, add 2 to 4 kg of spray bed per 500 ml of liquid medicine, and seal with agricultural film. 4 ~ 5 days, then sowing; 50% carbendazim powder can be used at the onset of 5g/m2 mixed dry soil, evenly spread in the seedbed. Fusarium wilt can be used to prevent grafting. For the control of blight and anthracnose, 70% thiophanate-methyl and 70% enemy can be used. Epidemic and downy mildew can be controlled with 40% diethylaluminophosphate and other agents. Powdery mildew can be controlled by triadimefon. Based on the selection of disease-resistant cultivars, the elimination of fleas, and the cultivation of strong seedlings, the virus disease should pay attention to the elimination of pollution sources, prevent contact infections, and prevent the use of virus vaccines and viruses. For insecticides such as melons and red spiders, they can be controlled by pyrethroids and acaricides. 2.4 Rational selection of female flowers, to promote normal enlargement of watermelon to retain melon section generally 12 to 15 sections, from the melon root 80 to 100 cm is better. In management, according to the general laws of growth and the characteristics of different breeds, we should understand the strength of their female flowers and manage them in a targeted way, especially in terms of irrigation and fertilization, but also according to the growing trend in the field. Relevant measures should be taken to ensure the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In short, the management practices are: to strive to ensure that the soil is strong, to meet high temperatures, to ensure sufficient light, to apply fertilizer in a timely manner, to maintain balance in growth, and to strengthen pest control. When these tasks are completed, the watermelons will be well-shaped, of good quality, and of high yield.
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