How much liquid biopsy technology do you know?

As early as 1000 years ago, Arab doctor Abulcasis (1013-1017) invented biopsy technology. The advantage of biopsy is that doctors can judge the condition based on the histological structure of the lesion. With the development of sequencing technology in recent years, doctors can sequence patients and give more accurate diagnosis results.

However, with the deepening of cancer research, scientists have found that tissue biopsy techniques have certain limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The main manifestation is that the tumor is heterogeneous. For patients whose cancer has metastasized, only taking a certain part of the tumor tissue does not reflect the overall condition of the patient, but all tumor tissues are sampled and tested. Actually; some patients' own conditions determine that he is not suitable for tissue biopsy; after the disturbance of surgery, some tumors have the risk of accelerated metastasis; the hysteresis of tissue biopsy is also unfavorable for the treatment of patients. Therefore, there are higher requirements for cancer diagnosis and detection techniques.

The emergence of liquid biopsy technology solves the above problems and advances the diagnosis time of cancer. This is why liquid biopsy technology was selected by the MIT Science and Technology Review as “Top Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2015”.

As a branch of in vitro diagnosis, liquid biopsy is the diagnosis of diseases such as cancer by blood or urine. The advantage is that it can reduce the risk of biopsy through non-invasive sampling, and effectively prolong the survival of patients, cost-effective. Current major biopsy tests include the detection of free circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fragments, circulating RNA (Circulating RNA) and exosomes (which carry a variety of proteins related to cell origin, lipids). Class, DNA, RNA, etc.). Among them, ctDNA, RNA and exosomes are substances released when tumor cells secrete or die by themselves.

Below we briefly introduce the liquid biopsy test and research progress.

Liquid biopsy main test substance

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)

In 1869, Australian doctor Ashworth first proposed the concept of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). In 1976, Nowell modified the definition of CTCs to be derived from primary tumors or metastatic tumors, to obtain tumor cells that escaped from the basement membrane and entered the blood vessels through the tissue matrix. Currently, CTCs are collectively referred to as various types of tumor cells present in peripheral blood. CTCs exist in peripheral blood in different forms, ranging from free single CTCs to clustered cell clusters (CTM, Circular Tumor Microemboli). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition occurs in tumor cells entering the peripheral blood circulation (Epithelial) Mesenchymal Transition, EMT).

How much liquid biopsy technology do you know?

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